Exploring and colonizing
These rulers funded Cristopher Columbus in his voyages to what he thought was India
Who are Ferdinand and Isabella
These 5 empires became global powerhouses and spread Christianity and trade to the New World.
Who are English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Dutch.
in 1604 Henry IV of France sold aristocratic titles and prestigious jobs to the bourgeoisie making them this term.
What are Robe nobles or nobles of the robe.
Elizabeth 1 charted this company which established trading posts in java, Sumatra, and India.
European Mariners began using the tech in the 1200s
This man searched Flordia for the fountain of youth.
Who is Juan Ponce de Leon
This was an alliance of guilds and free merchant cities dominating the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Northern German trade between the 1400s and 1700s.
this term was traditional French knights with feudal fiefs they resented the new nobels as their rank wasn't derived from military service or land ownership
What are sword nobles or nobles of the sword.
this place was settled by the Virginia company in 1609
what is Bermuda
Elizabeth 1 gave this type of letter to privateers known as sea dogs.
in 1628 this Privateer Bloodlessly captured enough Spanish gold to fund the Dutch army for eight months.
Who is Pieter Pieterszoon Heyn
Spain's influx of this and that sparked a price revolution. inflation elevated prices by about 600% over a 150 year period
What is silver and gold
when this person sold additional bureaucratic positions the new nobles protested because they lost their status.
Who is Jean-Baptiste Colbert
the failed scothish colony of this name in panama (1695) lost 25% - 50% of scotland's capital and led to the treaty of union (1707) with england creating the United Kingdom of Great Britian
what is Caledonia
This man took 20 tons of Spanish silver and gold at Panama (1572-1573) after taking 26 tons of silver from a Spanish treasure ship of the south American pacific coast, he stopped near san Francisco bay during the second global circumnavigation.
in 1453 due to this event, the Ottoman Turks fueled the desire for new trade routes to acquire Asian spices
What is the Fall of Constantinople
Reformation Freed these people from Church usury prohibitions. More of these people began banking in Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands
Who are Protestant Christians
This German expanded the family textile trade, mined silver and copper, and invested in overseas trade with India. He wielded enormous political influence by bankrolling the Hapsburgs and the papacy.
Who is Jakob Fugger
This company was the first stock-issuing multinational corporation. it monopolized the spice trade and had authority to establish colonies, negotiate treaties, mint coins, wage war, and imprison and execute criminals. It shipped 5 times as much tonnage as the bristish company
What is the Dutch East India Company
Drake delayed the launch of the Spanish armada by doing this in a raid on Cadiz, Spain.
what is "singeing Philip II's beard"
This document was signed in 1494 to avoid war with Spain over competing claims after Columbus's landing in the Caribbean.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas
in 1494 this Italian who was a mathematician and collaborator with Leonardi da vinci. they published a text on double-entry bookkeeping to reduce accounting errors
who is Luca Pacioli
In the 1400s - 1600s this group undermined the feudal order and contributed to the growth of nation-states by allying their economic power with new monarchies against the nobility. They provided loans for expensive new military equipment
Who were the bourgeoisie
The Portuguese took advantage of the dependable prevailing winds and currents of the North Atlantic gyre to develop this sea route for returning to Portugal.
What is the volta da mar