Technology
Which ship design was used by the Portuguese to explore the African coast?
Caravel (triangular shaped sail)
What was the main motivation for Portuguese maritime exploration?
Access to Asian spice markets
Which European power developed a global trading post empire?
Portugal
Name an agricultural product introduced to the Americas (FROM Europe).
rice
Which Asian state adopted isolationist policies during this period?
Tokugawa Japan
Which culture helped develop the lateen sail?
Islamic
How did states contribute to maritime exploration?
They sponsored voyages (like Columbus).
What was one economic effect of the Columbian Exchange in the Americas?
establishment of plantation economies/coerced labor
What are two domesticated animals that got transferred during the Columbian Exchange?
horses and cattle
Why did Ming China and Tokugawa Japan adopt restrictive trade policies during this period?
saw European dominated trade as disruptive
How did astronomical charts facilitate travel?
Allowed sailors to use celestial navigation (stars)
What was the main goal of Northern Atlantic crossings?
chattel slavery
Which of the following diseases had the MOST catastrophic effect on indigenous people in the Americas?
smallpox
Which two African states expanded their influence in maritime trade?
Asante and the Kongo
What was motivation for the Spanish and British empires to expand?
religious and political rivalries
How did state-sponsored maritime exploration impact European economies?
Shifted the economy from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.
How did American crops like maize and potatoes impact Afro-Eurasia?
Increased population due to better nutrition
What was a demographic effect of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa?
significant reduction in the male population in some regions
What was one of the primary causes of the Columbian Exchange?
European colonization of the Americas
What was one economic effect of Spanish sponsorship of Columbus' voyages?
European dominated silver market
What continuity existed in Indian Ocean trade despite European involvement?
intra-Asian trade by Asian merchants