3 G's
What three words summarize the main motivations for European exploration?
Gold, God, and Glory
Who sailed west across the Atlantic for Spain in 1492?
Christopher Columbus
Who conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés
What ocean did Columbus cross in 1492?
Atlantic Ocean
What major ocean had been a barrier between Europe and the Americas before transoceanic exploration?
Atlantic Ocean
This G represented the desire for wealth, resources, and trade.
Gold
Who sailed around Africa and reached India by sea in 1498?
Vasco da Gama
Who conquered the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro
What continent did Portuguese sailors travel around to reach India?
Africa
Give one technology or development that made long-distance ocean exploration easier.
Examples: compass, astrolabe, caravel, improved maps, or lateen sails
This G represented spreading Christianity.
God
Which explorer hoped to reach Asia but instead reached the Americas?
Christopher Columbus
The Aztec Empire was located mainly in what modern country?
Mexico
What country was looking for its own western route to Asia when it sponsored Columbus?
Spain
Why did Europeans want new sea routes to Asia?
To gain better access to valuable trade goods and wealth
This G represented gaining power, land, and prestige for a kingdom.
Glory
Which country sponsored Vasco da Gama?
Portugal
The Inca Empire was centered along the western part of which continent?
South America
What Asian destination did Vasco da Gama successfully reach by sea?
India
What disease was especially devastating to Indigenous populations after European contact?
Smallpox
Spain and Portugal competing for overseas power is the best example of which G?
Glory
How were the voyages of Columbus and da Gama different?
Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic toward the Americas; da Gama sailed around Africa to India.
Name the three major factors from class that helped Spanish conquistadors defeat Indigenous empires.
European weapons, Indigenous alliances, and disease
Before 1450, name one major trade network connecting Afro-Eurasia.
Silk Road, Indian Ocean trade, or Trans-Saharan trade
What major global change occurred from 1450–1600?
Major regions became increasingly connected through transoceanic exploration, trade, conquest, and exchange