People
Christopher Columbus
Explored the America (discovered the Americans).
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
The Last King and Queen of France before the French Revolution.
What is heresy?
The belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious doctrine.
What are the causes of the French Revolution?
The economic inequality, social injustice and the influence of Enlightenment ideals.
How did Hobbes view the social contract?
A pact where individuals surrender their rights and freedom to a sovereign in exchange for security and order.
Fransisco Pizzaro
Conquered the Inca and led the Spanish conquest of Peru.
King Louis XIV
The Sun King, King of France, GOAT.
What is Natural Law?
A body of rules believed to be inherent and binding upon all societies, transcending positive law.
During the Scientific Revolution, how did technology change?
New scientific instruments and methods were developed.
How did Locke view the social contract?
Theory posits that the government is formed by the consent of the people to protect their natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.
Hernando Cortés
Conquered the Aztec Empire.
Samuel de Champlain
Founded Quebec.
What is the Social Contract Theory?
Governments gain legitimacy through the consent of the governed.
Which British scientist defined gravity?
Isaac Newton
How did Rousseau view the social contract?
Which individuals, recognizing the need for order and protection while retaining their inherent freedom.
Ferdinand Magellan
Led the Spanish expedition that circumnavigated the globe from 1519–1522.
James Cook
Meticulous mapping and exploration of the Pacific and Southern Oceans.
What are the impacts of the Age of Exploration?
Reshaped global trade, the power Dynamics, and social structures.
Who might have been accused of heresy during the Scientific Revolution?
Philosophers, peoples who held scientific views, anyone who’s views contradicted the Church’s.
How was "divine right" used to support absolute rule?
Claiming that monarchs derived their authority directly from God, not from the people or their elected representatives.
Vasco da Gama
First European to reach India by sea.
Juan Ponce de Leon
Led the first official European expedition to Puerto Rico in 1508 and Florida in 1513.
What was the significance of the Three Estates in France?
Represented a rigid social and political structure that profoundly shaped French society and ultimately contributed to the French Revolution.
What did the Committee of Public Safety do during the Reign of Terror?
They would protect the new republic foreign and domestic enemies, including the first Coalition and the Vendee Revolt.
What kinds of ideas did European philosophers of the Enlightenment begin rethinking?
Government, Religion and Economics.