Enlightenment Terms
An intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with global influences and effects.
What was the Enlightenment?
English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".
Who was John Locke?
*Daily Triple* English philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. He is best known for his 1651 book Leviathan, in which he expounds an influential formulation of social contract theory.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
American statesman, author, publisher, scientist, inventor and diplomat.
Who is Benjamin Franklin?
*Daily Quadruple* In logic, a rigorous proof, or derivation, of one statement (the conclusion) from one or more statements (the premises)—i.e., a chain of statements, each of which is either a premise or a consequence of a statement occurring earlier in the proof.
What is deduction?
The theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment and usually concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.
What is social contract?
3rd president of the US, heavily involved in the enlightenment movement with his principles written into the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
*Daily Double* Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational thought.
Who is Jean Jacques Rousseau?
*Daily Double* In logic, method of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal.
What is induction?
He achieved fame in the Enlightenment era chiefly for editing arguably the key text, his Encyclopédie, which took up over 20 years of his life.
Who was Denis Diderot?
A series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
What was the Scientific Revolution?
English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary best known for writing common sense.
Who is Thomas Payne?
French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher. He is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.
Who is Charles de Montesquieu?
Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from the city of Pisa, then part of the Duchy of Florence.
Who is Galileo?
The belief that the sun and other planets revolve around the earth. This theory was supported by the Church.
What is geocentric Theory?
English jurist, judge and Tory politician of the eighteenth century. He is most noted for writing the Commentaries on the Laws of England.
Who is William Blackstone?
French philosopher, mathematician, scientist and lay Catholic who invented analytic geometry.
Who is Rene Descartes?
Natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.
Who is Robert Boyle?
English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. His works are seen as contributing to the scientific method and remained influential through the later stages of the scientific revolution.
Who is Francis Bacon?
The astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Universe.
What is Heliocentric Theory?
French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity—especially the Roman Catholic Church—as well as his advocacy of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
Who is Voltaire?
English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all time and among the most influential scientists.
Who is Isaac Newton?
A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. Observe, hypothesis, experiment, analyze, revise or publish.
What is Scientific Method?