The Enlightenment
What was the main idea of the Enlightenment?
To emphasize the use of reason to advance understanding of the universe and to improve human condition.
What different types of monarchs were there?
Spanish, French, Russian, Austrian, etc.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson.
When did the French Revolution start and end?
It began in 1789 and ended in 1799.
Who became a prominent figure after the French Revolution?
Napoleon Bonaparte.
Which thinker believed that people could govern themselves?
Rene Descartes.
What did Maria Theresa do for Austria?
She built a strong government, created a fair justice system, united the Hapsburg Empire, and improved conditions for serfs.
What did the Second Continental Congress start?
American Revolutionary War.
What was the purpose of the French Revolution?
To put an end to the monarchy, to eliminate the feudal system and excessive privileges and inequalities, etc.
What was the Directory?
A five-member executive body.
What did John Locke believe in?
People had natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Where did the Russian monarchs "czars" come from?
Caesar.
What did the Second Continental Congress state?
The colonists wanted to be loyal as long as their rights were protected.
What caused the French Revolution?
Economic and social inequalities. Many other reasons can be argued.
How did nationalism start in Europe?
After the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, people came to recognize that they wanted equal rights, free will, etc.
What was Voltaire's stance on religion?
God set the world in motion but then retreated and let it be.
How did Philip II contribute to the decline of Spain's power?
He tried to conquer England with his Armada and failed.
What did these works have in common?
They all advocated for people's rights.
Who led the French revolution?
Many people led the French Revolution, some include Napoleon Bonaparte, Jean-Paul Marat, and Jacques Pierre Brissot. Others may vary.
What nations gained their independence?
Haiti, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, and many more.
Romanticism changed the direction of the Enlightenment by emphasizing what?
Emotion over reason.
Who came after Elizabeth I?
James I.
Delegates tried to make peace with who?
King George III.
What did the French Revolution do for the world?
Helped shape the modern concepts of nation-states, Western democracies, and human rights.
How did all these events help shape the world we live in today?
It helped people have equal rights and freedom, helped nations gain individual identity and independence, and many other things.