Middle Ages, Reinassance and Ancien Regime
Religious wars between Muslims and Chrsitians during the Middle Ages over the control of the Holy Land.
What did Adam Smith propose?
The core concepts of modern free-market economics, arguing that self-interest, competition, and minimal government intervention drive societal wealth and productivity
Which and who's idea justified the Absolute monarchy as the best form of government because a single, undivided ruler provides the most consistent and stable protection for the people.
What if the Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes?
Which document resulting from the American Revolution formally protected individual liberties?
What is "The American Bill of Rights"?
This French revolutionary leader was known for his role in the Reign of Terror.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
What political and economic system of the Middle Ages was based on the exchange of land for loyalty and service?
Feudalism
What did Mary Wollstonecraft propose?
Women should have the same fundamental rights and educational opportunities as men
This principle suggests that rulers should lead only if they have their citizen's support.
What is the Consent of the governed?
What document established the first system of government in the United States but ultimately created a weak and ineffective government?
What is "The Articles of the Confederation"?
This major cause of the French Revolution revolved around social inequality and monarchy power.
What is dissatisfaction among the Third Estate?
What were the three social orders of French society under the Ancien Régime called?
The Three Estates:
1st Estate Clergy
2nd Estate Nobility
3rd Estate Commoners (incuding the Bourgeoisie)
Why was Galileo Galilei under trial by the Holy Inquisition?
He challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church by supporting the heliocentric model providing evidence using telescopic observations.
According to Enlightenment thinkers, these rights, including life, liberty, and property, belong to individuals from birth.
What are Natural rights?
Besides the issue with the taxes, which was the other large economic motivation for the colonies to become independent from the British Empire?
Merchants in the colonies didn't like the British running their economic affairs.
was a pivotal violent attack by revolutionary crowds in Paris that marked the explosive start of the French Revolution on July 14, 1789,
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
What major 14th-century catastrophe killed a large portion of Europe’s population and contributed to labor shortages and the weakening of the feudal system?
The Black Plague
Which scientist provided knowledge to improve the understanding of the human body and which were their contributions?
Andreas Vesalius- Wrote the first modern human anatomy based on direct empirical dissection.
William Harvey- demonstrated that blood circulates rapidly through the body in a closed loop, pumped by the heart.
Roussea's idea emphasizes the importance of society and governements operating for the advantage of all its members.
What is the "general will"?
Why is the "English Bill of Rights" a reason connected to the independence of the Thirteen Colonies in America?
Because it provided rights for subjects of the monarchy but not for those in the colonies, while they still had to pay increasing and absurd taxes.
This is a political and religious doctrine asserting that a monarch receives the right to rule directly from God, making the ruler accountable to no earthly authority.
What is the divine right of the absolute monarchy?
Name two developments that challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church at the end of the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance, and briefly explain how each challenged its authority.
Humanism
Protestant Reformation
Explain how the Scientific Revolution challenged the intellectual status quo of medieval Europe.
It challenged the idea that traditional or religious authorities should automatically determine truth and increasingly emphasized reason, observation, experimentation, and empirical evidence to understand the natural world.
This principle opposes absolute power in favor of a system with checks and balances.
What is "Division of Powers"?
- The Stamp Act
- The Boston Massacre
- The Boston Tea Party
a foundational document with human and civil freedoms adopted by France's National Assembly on August 26, 1789, during the French Revolution
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen