Soil Composition
What are the four main components of soil?
Minerals, organic matter, air, and water.
What is subsistence farming?
Farming primarily for the farmer's own consumption.
What is crop rotation?
Growing different crops in succession to maintain soil fertility.
What is soil erosion?
The removal of topsoil by wind or water.
What is sustainable agriculture?
Farming methods that meet current needs without compromising future generations.
Name the three main soil types based on particle size.
Sand, silt, and clay.
Define commercial farming.
Farming aimed at producing crops or livestock for sale.
How does irrigation benefit crops?
Provides necessary water, especially in dry areas, to support plant growth.
How does overgrazing affect the land?
Leads to land degradation and desertification.
Name one method to conserve soil.
Terracing to reduce runoff and prevent erosion.
Which soil type has the highest water retention?
Clay soils retain the most water due to small particle size.
What is shifting cultivation?
A system where land is cultivated temporarily then left to regenerate.
What is the purpose of using fertilizers?
Supplies essential nutrients to enhance plant growth.
What is salinization?
Accumulation of salts in soil, reducing fertility.
How does contour plowing prevent erosion?
Plowing along the contour lines to reduce soil erosion.
How does soil pH affect plant growth?
Soil pH affects nutrient availability; extreme pH can hinder plant growth.
What is monoculture, and what is a potential drawback?
Growing a single crop over a large area; can lead to pest outbreaks.
How can pesticide use impact the environment?
Pesticides can contaminate water sources and harm non-target species.
How can pesticide use impact the environment?
Pesticides can contaminate water sources and harm non-target species.
What is agroforestry?
Integrating trees with crops and/or livestock to enhance biodiversity.
Explain the role of humus in soil fertility.
Humus improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient content.
How does mechanization influence agricultural productivity?
Increases efficiency but may reduce employment opportunities.
What are the consequences of deforestation for agriculture?
Loss of biodiversity and disruption of water cycles.
What are the consequences of deforestation for agriculture?
Loss of biodiversity and disruption of water cycles.
Describe the principles of organic farming.
Avoids synthetic chemicals, emphasizing natural processes and inputs.