MSK
The therapist is examining the lower extremities of a cross country runner. If the PT would like to determine if distal ITB friction syndrome is present at the patient's knee, which special knee test would the PT most likely perform?
A. Anterior drawer test
B. Thessaly test
C. Noble compression test
D. McMurray's test
C. Noble compression test
Type A nerve fibers are myelinated, fast conducting, and large. Which Type A nerve fiber is associated with temperature, touch, and pain?
A. Alpha
B. Gamma
C. Beta
D. Delta
D. Delta
A. Bronchiectasis
B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
D. Respiratory distress syndrome
C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Which of the following statements is NOT true about patients with Type II diabetes mellitus?
A. These patients are prone to ketoacidosis.
B. These patients are not usually insulin-dependent.
C. The condition is characterized by a progressive decline in pancreatic insulin production.
D. The condition is characterized by inappropriate glucagon secretion.
A. These patients are prone to ketoacidosis.
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the physiological effects of general heat application?
A. The patient's blood pressure will increase.
B. The patient's respiratory rate will increase.
C. The patient's stroke volume will increase.
D. The patient's muscle activity will increase.
B. The patient's respiratory rate will increase.
The PT is examining a patient referred for RA. If a PT wanted to identify ligament laxity or restriction within a patient's hand, which special test would the PT most likely use?
A. Bunnel-Littler test
B. Tight retinacular test
C. Ligamentous instability test
D. Two-point discrimination test
C. Ligamentous instability test
The brainstem contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Which of the following structural functions does the medulla oblongata perform?
A. Connection of the spinal cord to the pons
B. Connection of the pons to the cerebrum
C. Connection of the cerebral hemispheres with other segments of the spinal cord and brain
D. Connection of the pons to the midbrain
A. Connection of the spinal cord to the pons
Hypomagnesemia occurs when the blood has a decreased concentration of magnesium ions. Which of the following is NOT caused by hypomagnesemia?
A. Coronary artery vasospasm
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Sudden death
D. Ventricular arrhythmias
B. Atrial fibrillation
A burn would contains three zones. What occurs in the zone of coagulation?
A. The burn injures only the epidermal layer.
B. The burn causes irreversible cell injury in which cell death occurs.
C. The burn causes minimal injury in which the cells should recover.
D. The burn causes cells to become injured and the cells may die if they do not receive specialized treatment.
B. The burn causes irreversible cell injury in which cell death occurs.
You are examining the gait of a geriatric patient who ambulates with a cane. Which of the following options is NOT a purpose of this ambulatory device?
A. Increase the base of support to provide moderate stability
B. Relieve pain
C. Unloading forces on involved extremity by 30%
D. Decrease antalgic gait pattern
A. Increase the base of support to provide moderate stability
You are examining a patient with a known peripheral nerve injury. If a patient has the inability to abduct their arm with neutral rotation, which peripheral nerve is most likely involved?
A. Long thoracic
B. Dorsal scapular nerve
C. Axillary nerve
D. Suprascapular nerve
C. Axillary nerve
Which of the following options is characteristic of a central cord lesion?
A. Potential for nerve regeneration, which is often incomplete
B. Cavitation of the central cord in the cervical section
C. Lateral corticospinal tract loss
D. Spastic paralysis that occurs below the lesion
B. Cavitation of the central cord in the cervical section
You are examining a patient who exhibits possible clinical manifestations of cardiac failure. Which of the following signs MOST LIKELY indicates left ventricular heart failure?
A. Cyanosis of nail beds
B. Weight gain
C. Poor exercise tolerance
D. Dependent edema
C. Poor exercise tolerance
The normal urine calcium serum level is 8.4 to 10.4 mg/dL. If a patient's calcium serum level is less than 8.4 mg/dL, they have hypocalcemia. Which of the following is a cause associated with hypocalcemia?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Vitamin D intoxication
C. Vitamin D deficiency
D. Hyperparathyroidism
C. Vitamin D deficiency
During pregnancy, the body experiences a number of changes. Which of the following changes is NOT commonly associated with pregnancy?
A. Increased heart rate
B. Center of gravity shifts forward and down as the fetus develops
C. Dyspnea may be experienced with mild exercise
D. Changes to thermoregulation
B. Center of gravity shifts forward and down as the fetus develops
What is the close-packed position of the SC joint?
A. Arm maximally elevated
B. Arm abducted 90 degrees
C. Arm resting by side
D. Maximum abduction and external rotation
A. Arm maximally elevated
An inverse stretch (myotatic) reflex is a spinal level reflex that has an involuntary response to ________.
A. noxious stimuli
B. muscle stretch
C. cutaneous sensory stimuli
D. muscle contraction
D. muscle contraction
Which is the BEST way to use compression during Phase II of Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT)?
A. To manage the symptoms of patients with Stage II lymphedema
B. With low pressure
C. Compression pumps should only be applied in Phase I of CDT, not Phase II.
D. With high pressure
B. With low pressure
The hypothalamus is a glad that functions within the endocrine system and controls the release of various hormones. Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus?
A. Glucocorticoids
B. Norepinephrine
C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D. Pituitary hormones
D. Pituitary hormones
A patient is receiving PT because he has had an amputation through his ankle joint after suffering a motorcycle accident. What kind of amputation does this patient have?
A. Syme's amputation
B. Transmetatarsal amputation
C. AK amputation
D. BK amputation
A. Syme's amputation
Which of the following is NOT true about the Valsalva's maneuver?
A. The patient is instructed to take a deep breath.
B. A positive finding includes neurological symptoms into the lower extremity.
C. It is used to identify a space-occupying lesion in the lumbar spine.
D. A positive finding must include low back pain.
D. A positive finding must include low back pain.
Regarding the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which of the following is true?
A. The SNS increases glandular activity.
B. The SNS slows the heart rate.
C. The SNS conserves homeostasis.
D. The SNS dilates the pupils.
D. The SNS dilates the pupils.
The sounds of the heart provide valuable information about the cardiac cycle and may indicate various pathologies. What occurs during the S2 ("dub") sound?
A. The beginning of systole
B. The end of systole
C. Ventricular filling and atrial contraction
D. The normal closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
B. The end of systole.
Which of the following should be avoided by a person with gastritis?
A. NSAIDS
B. Acetaminophen
C. Antacids
D. Fatty foods
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of HIV?
A. Vaginal fluids
B. Breast milk
C. Pre-seminal fluid
D. Urine
D. Urine