Ch. 4 Vocab
American Tories who supported the king and parliament
loyalists
What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764?
A. It legalized trade with the French West Indies.
B. It was intended to generate revenue from the colonies.
C. It doubled the existing tax on molasses to benefit the colonies.
D. It predominantly aimed to reduce rum drinking in the colonies.
E. It taxed sugar refined in the colonies.
B. It was intended to generate revenue from the colonies.
In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by _____.
A. recapturing New York City from the British.
B. giving his troops permission to rest up and “hibernate” for the winter.
C. convincing both France and Spain to enter the conflict.
D. destroying a British force outside of Boston.
E. winning battles at Trenton and Princeton.
E. winning battles at Trenton and Princeton.
The treaty with Britain that ended the Revolutionary War
A. protected the rights of Loyalists but prevented them from fleeing after the war.
B. gave Florida to the United States and was remarkably clear in settling northern borders.
C. recognized American independence and sought to establish the boundaries of the United States.
D. gave America a claim to Newfoundland and created new military alliances with the Dutch.
E. imposed war damages on the British but maintained that the United States was now technically a territory.
C. recognized American independence and sought to establish the boundaries of the United States.
this is another term for "citizen soldiers" that made up much of the American fighting force in the early days of the Revolutionary War
militia (or militiamen)
four parliamentary measures that required the colonies to pay for the Boston Tea Party's damages
Coercive Acts / Intolerable Acts
________ was perhaps the most radical of the American rebels and organized the Committee of Correspondence.
A. James Otis
B. Samuel Adams
C. John Dickinson
D. John Adams
E. Paul Revere
B. Samuel Adams
Which of the following is true of the state militia units that made up the initial American military force and later came to augment the Continental army?
A. They generally refused to ambush the British or to engage in any hand-to-hand combat.
B. They were largely civilians who often decided for themselves when to join or leave the fighting.
C. They were the most seasoned troops of the war because of their past experience fighting Indians.
D. They were incredibly organized units, even during the first battles, due to how high the stakes were.
E. They frequently mutinied and switched over to the British cause due to the promise of land.
B. They were largely civilians who often decided for themselves when to join or leave the fighting.
During 1780, the Revolutionary War had become
A. a contest of endurance in which Americans had the advantage.
B. what looked like an inevitable British victory.
C. a matter of which side could employ the flashiest battle tactics.
D. a fight in which Native Americans and African Americans played a small role.
E. a conflict in which American victory was certain enough that the French were no longer needed.
A. a contest of endurance in which Americans had the advantage.
a perosn who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment
abolitionist
formal statement, principally drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress, that officially announced the colonies' break with Great Britain
Declaration of Independence
Which of the following statements accurately describes a reason some Americans revolted?
A. Americans resented the fact that the percentage of free property owners was higher in Britain than in the colonies.
B. Most Patriots strongly disagreed with the English constitutional tradition and had long wished to break free from it.
C. Some prosperous southern planters were afraid that the British might abolish slavery, which would negatively impact their economy.
D. Americans were upset that due to lack of aid from the British, they generally had a shorter average life span and a worse diet than Europeans did.
E. Patriot merchants were angry because the British were in mounting debt due to economic collapse in England and owed them a great deal of money.
C. Some prosperous southern planters were afraid that the British might abolish slavery, which would negatively impact their economy.
What was one of the reasons why the American Revolution was significant to Europe?
A. At the start of the war, most Europeans believed that the Americans would win and, as a result, began to implement American ideals of democracy and representation.
B. Prior to the war, Europeans had begun to experiment with unorthodox modes of warfare, but due to the Americans’ successful reliance on traditional warfare, they rethought this shift.
C. The war distracted England from maintaining its other colonies in Asia and Africa to such a degree that during and soon after the war other European powers managed to take control of them.
D. Most European countries such as Spain and the Netherlands sympathized greatly with England in its fight to maintain the colonies and, as a result, consistently fought on England’s side.
E. The war proved a world war in that the United States managed to form military alliances with countries that wished to humble Great Britain, including France, Spain, and the Netherlands.
E. The war proved a world war in that the United States managed to form military alliances with countries that wished to humble Great Britain, including France, Spain, and the Netherlands.
Which of the following was the sharpest irony of the American Revolution?
A. Although fighting a war against one another, the Revolutionaries and Great Britain had almost identical laws and views on issues such as slavery.
B. Great Britain offered enslaved blacks more opportunities for freedom than the United States, a nation built on the ideas of freedom.
C. The vast majority of African Americans cared far more about the specific side for which they were fighting than their own personal freedom.
D. The decision by the British army to arm enslaved blacks did little to deter southerners from joining its cause, as the issue of slavery had been set aside during the Revolution.
E. The Patriot army failed to enlist free blacks as soldiers at any point during the war, whereas Loyalists did from the beginning.
B. Great Britain offered enslaved blacks more opportunities for freedom than the United States, a nation built on the ideas of freedom.
German mercenary soldiers who are paid by the royal government to fight alongside the British army
Hessians
Patriot militia who could assemble at a minute's notice
minutemen
What was the purpose behind the Townshend duties?
A. to convince the colonists to help the British fight the French during the French and Indian War
B. to raise revenue to send gifts to the Native Americans to keep the peace
C. to subsidize the colonial shipbuilding trade and thereby bring more resources to England
D. to pay the royal governors’ salaries and make them independent of colonial legislatures
E. to increase the meager pay of colonial legislators and encourage their loyalty to the Monarchy
D. to pay the royal governors’ salaries and make them independent of colonial legislatures
What was the significance of the Gaspée incident?
A. It drove deep divisions between the French and British, leading the British to build their navy in anticipation of the French and Indian War.
B. Its global scale led the French to form an alliance with the British early on in the American Revolutionary War.
C. Its tragic nature led Samuel Adams to retire the Committee of Correspondence temporarily and give the British another chance.
D. It served as the means by which the British retaliated against the colonists who had participated in the Boston Tea Party.
E. It represented the evolution and intensity of anti-British feelings in the American colonies as colonists engaged in violent protest.
E. It represented the evolution and intensity of anti-British feelings in the American colonies as colonists engaged in violent protest.
Which city did the British capture and occupy early in the American Revolution, making it the headquarters of both the Royal Navy and the British army?
A. Atlanta
B. Boston
C. Williamsburg
D. Phildelphia
E. New York City
E. New York City
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives
democracy
a group organized by Samuel Adams in retaliation for the Gaspee Incident to address American grievances, assert American rights, and form a network of rebellion
Committee of Correspondence
What was the significance of the Daughters of Liberty?
A. The group consisted of many radical artists who sought to advance women’s rights through poetry and painting, as the new nation offered the promise of political gains for women.
B. The group was comprised of British women who, in a series of pamphlets, argued that true liberty rested with the parliamentary monarchy of the mother country.
C. The group is an example of how the non-importation movement enabled colonial women to participate in the resistance, such as by no longer buying imported British goods.
D. The group was revolutionary in that it was a women-led militia and helped fill a gap in male fighters during the early stages of the war before there was an organized Patriot army.
E. The group demonstrated how, as with the Sons of Liberty, the resistance was located almost solely within Boston and proved unable to recruit members in the other Colonies.
C. The group is an example of how the non-importation movement enabled colonial women to participate in the resistance, such as by no longer buying imported British goods.
Three weeks after the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Continental Congress sent George III
A. the War Act declaring open rebellion.
B. a peace offering accepting Parliament’s right to tax the colonies.
C. the Olive Branch Petition, urging the King to negotiate.
D. the Declaration of Independence, creating the “United States of America.”
E. a Writ of Renunciation, declaring slavery an evil imposed on the colonies by the Crown.
C. the Olive Branch Petition, urging the King to negotiate.
Why was the Canadian Expedition of 1775–1776 significant?
A. It involved the outbreak of a smallpox epidemic that resulted in the deaths of a third of the American population.
B. It was an important American victory that set the tone for the coming campaign and exhibited the Americans’ superior technology.
C. It brought about the tragic death of General Benedict Arnold at Quebec and caused the mourning Americans to prove more vulnerable.
D. It led to the expulsion of Indian tribes in the area and thereby guaranteed that Native Americans would refuse to join the British side.
E. It resulted in a humiliating series of American defeats that made it apparent the war would not be a short one.
E. It resulted in a humiliating series of American defeats that made it apparent the war would not be a short one.
identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations
nationalism