Chapter 6
Shays’s Rebellion was led by
A. merchants.
B. factory workers.
C. bankers.
D. indebted farmers.
E. ambitious politicians.
D. indebted farmers.
Between 1800 and 1840, the nation’s most dramatic population expansion occurred
A. west of the Appalachians.
B. in New England.
C. in Atlantic seaports.
D. in the Deep South.
E. west of the Mississippi.
A. West of the Appalachians
One serious economic problem under the Articles of Confederation was
A. a scarcity of good farmland.
B. shortage of “hard money.”
C. the impossibility of obtaining credit.
D. excessively high income taxes.
E. low wages caused by an oversupply of labor.
B. shortage of “hard money.”
In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court chief justice who established the principle of judicial review was
A. Albert Gallatin.
B. John Jay.
C. John Pickering.
D. John Marshall.
E. John Quincy Adams.
D. John Marshall.
Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to map out and explore well beyond the Mississippi. They eventually
A. caused Jefferson’s support in the South and West to deteriorate.
B. established a settlement in Colorado.
C. captured California.
D. spread Christianity westward.
E. made it to the Pacific Ocean.
E. made it to the Pacific Ocean.
The founding fathers viewed the most democratic entity of the government as the
A. presidency.
B. Senate.
C. Supreme Court.
D. cabinet.
E. House of Representatives.
E. House of Representatives.
The 1804 presidential election resulted in
A. a comeback for the Federalists.
B. Aaron Burr’s duel with Alexander Hamilton.
C. Jefferson’s landslide reelection.
D. the rise of a powerful third party.
E. months of confusion over the actual winner.
C. Jefferson’s landslide reelection.
One of the MOST remembered aspects of the British assault upon Baltimore was
A. the complete destruction of Fort McHenry.
B. the large number of civilian casualties.
C. the length of the siege that followed.
D. its inspiration for the eventual national anthem.
E. the superb performance of the U.S. Navy.
D. its inspiration for the eventual national anthem.
In his inaugural address, President Washington emphasized
A. his economic plans.
B. party politics.
C. national unity.
D. relations with Britain.
E. his cabinet selections.
C. national unity.
As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison
A. ran for a third term.
B. was even more committed to limited government.
C. learned the value of some Federalist policies.
D. slowed westward expansion to protect Indian lands.
E. switched parties.
C. learned the value of some Federalist policies.
Which of the following was a promise of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
A. The West would be considered a colonial possession of the United States.
B. Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River.
C. Native Americans would be forced to move farther west, all the way to the Pacific coast.
D. The population of a territory would never affect whether it was to become a state.
E. Territories must first adopt the national Constitution rather than write their own.
B. Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River.
The British invasion of the mid-Atlantic coast in 1814 resulted in
A. their capture of Baltimore.
B. their defeat by American militia.
C. the capture and burning of Washington, D.C.
D. Madison’s resignation as president.
E. the U.S. decision to sue for peace.
C. the capture and burning of Washington, D.C.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Judiciary Act of 1801?
A. It created three new positions on the Supreme Court to ensure the new president would appoint them.
B. It was the first act passed by the Republicans when they came to power after the election of 1800.
C. It allowed federal judges to be impeached under the Sedition Act.
D. It created sixteen federal circuit courts and reduced the number of Supreme Court justices.
E. President Jefferson vetoed it in the first use ever of veto power by the executive branch.
D. It created sixteen federal circuit courts and reduced the number of Supreme Court justices.
Which war hawk loudly proclaimed that his state of Kentucky was ready to march on Canada and rid the Northwest of its so-called “Indian problem”?
A. Felix Grundy
B. Henry Clay
C. John Randolph
D. Albert Gallatin
E. Andrew Jackson
B. Henry Clay
Washington gave his farewell address on September 17, 1796, during which he advised the United States to
A. encourage the emerging party system.
B. become more involved in European affairs.
C. choose Aaron Burr as the next president.
D. seek colonies in Africa as a cheaper source of enslaved Africans.
E. avoid permanent alliances with other countries.
E. avoid permanent alliances with other countries.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the effects of Jay’s Treaty?
A. Although the United States was divided on its passage, the treaty improved relations between the United States and Britain by reopening American merchants’ access to West Indies trade.
B. The terms of the treaty led to military cooperation between Britain and the United Sates against France, resulting in the most celebrated moments of Washington’s presidency.
C. Although the treaty was strongly supported in the United States, the British people dramatically protested it and nearly prevented it from being signed.
D. Although Republicans in the South strongly supported the treaty, New Englanders successfully prevented its passage in the Senate because it spread the system of slavery.
E. The terms of the treaty made it clear that the British would never agree to reimburse Americans for the loss of any American property during the war and would continue to sell products to France.
A. Although the United States was divided on its passage, the treaty improved relations between the United States and Britain by reopening American merchants’ access to West Indies trade.
In the early 1800s, the United States paid bribes to the Barbary pirate states of North Africa to leave American shipping alone. What led Jefferson to send warships and fight a naval war?
A. France backed the pirates’ demands for higher blackmail payments and attacked American shipping.
B. Tripoli insisted on higher payments to free captured American sailors.
C. Britain aided Moroccan pirates in intercepting American slave ships from Africa.
D. Jefferson had promised to launch a war on North Africa when he assumed the presidency.
E. Canadian smugglers were using North African ships to fish illegally in New England waters.
B. Tripoli insisted on higher payments to free captured American sailors.
What was the significance of the response of the American public to the War of 1812?
A. The resounding public support for the war ensured that when the Federalists opposed the war, they lost much of their political base.
B. Like the Revolution, the war was very much a civil war, with divided allegiances among former American Loyalists, Americans, and Canadians.
C. The lack of public support for the war resulted in a major shortage of troops on both sides and, thus, a mandatory draft.
D. The American public viewed the war as an opportunity to rebuild relationships with Native Americans after the Revolution, resulting in far fewer Native American–British alliances.
E. The unity and force with which the Americans approached the war resulted in one of the most decisive military victories in American history.
B. Like the Revolution, the war was very much a civil war, with divided allegiances among former American Loyalists, Americans, and Canadians.
The Constitution addressed slavery by
A. referring numerous times to “slaves” or “slavery.”
B. counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment.
C. requiring that all slaves count toward a state’s congressional representation.
D. making it legal in every state.
E. requiring that slaves have full legal protections.
B. counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment.
The emergence of two political parties reflected the basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. Which of the following accurately describes Jefferson’s philosophy and political party?
A. As a Federalist, Jefferson wished to place limits on states’ rights and believed that the common people, especially the lower classes, were untrustworthy.
B. As a Federalist, Jefferson prioritized the values and concerns of northerners and promoted urban and commercial growth.
C. As a Democrat, Jefferson envisioned a developing American economy and society modeled on that of Britain rather than France.
D. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson believed in a strong national government out of fear of the tyranny of the masses, especially farmers.
E. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states’ rights posed by big government.
E. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states’ rights posed by big government.
How did the Constitution affect immigration and naturalization?
A. The founding fathers were in strong agreement that the United States remain open to all foreigners and enabled this through a series of detailed laws set forth in the Constitution.
B. The Constitution said little about immigration and naturalization, which has allowed policy to change over the years in response to fluctuating political moods and economic needs.
C. The Constitution offered guidance on immigration and created a naturalization process highly similar to that of Great Britain in that citizens could not renounce their original citizenship.
D. Although the Constitution created opportunities for the new nation to accommodate immigration, the idea of America as an asylum for refugees was at odds with George Washington’s vision as president.
E. The Constitution ensured that the naturalization of all peoples, including those of African or Asian descent, be left to the national government rather than the states.
B. The Constitution said little about immigration and naturalization, which has allowed policy to change over the years in response to fluctuating political moods and economic needs.
Which of the following was an effect of the War of 1812?
A. It caused Madison to do away with the national bank, in part due to wavering American patriotism and economic stability after the war.
B. It strengthened the message of the Federalists and reaffirmed their attitudes from before the war.
C. It led the United States to plan to rely more heavily on militiamen in future wars because the lack thereof had resulted in their hardest losses.
D. It made the U.S. economy more dependent on that of other countries, especially with the rise of industrialization.
E. It reaffirmed American independence but caused a reversal in attitudes among Republicans and Federalists.
E. It reaffirmed American independence but caused a reversal in attitudes among Republicans and Federalists.
Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant?
A. It led the British to revise the Treaty of Ghent in their favor.
B. It was the first battle that the Americans ever fought without the help of Native Americans.
C. It was fought as more of a formality and resulted in few casualties on both sides.
D. It resulted in an American victory that helped set up Jackson as a possible presidential candidate.
E. It forced Jackson to accept defeat and hand over western Florida to the British.
D. It resulted in an American victory that helped set up Jackson as a possible presidential candidate.
Why did Jefferson go through with the Louisiana Purchase, despite the potential ideological problems it posed?
A. He was able to acquire investments from the Spanish to offset the high cost of the purchase.
B. Native Americans came forward to propose a treaty, which made him feel better about taking their lands.
C. The climate of the land being purchased made it not well suited economically for slavery, an institution he opposed.
D. He wanted to create a protective buffer separating the United States from the rest of the world.
E. It would help give the two political parties a shared goal since both saw the value in the acquisition of more land.
D. He wanted to create a protective buffer separating the United States from the rest of the world.
In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court decided that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was
A. constitutional, as it put into law the Supreme Court’s commitment to prioritizing and defending states’ rights rather than federal matters.
B. constitutional, as the Constitution stated that as part of the separation of powers only the Supreme Court could approve judicial appointments.
C. unconstitutional, because the Constitution had specified term limits and a popular election process as part of the appointment of justices.
D. unconstitutional, because it gave the president less control over the appointment of judges than had been specified by the Constitution.
E. unconstitutional, because the Constitution only specified that the Court should have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign ambassadors or nations.
E. unconstitutional, because the Constitution only specified that the Court should have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign ambassadors or nations.