Chapter 1-2
Q: What are the names of the seven continents?
A: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia.
Q: What does the dependency ratio measure?
A: The number of dependents (young and old) compared to the working-age population
Q: What is a renewable resource?
A: A resource that can be replenished naturally over time, like solar energy or timber.
Q: Name one process in the water cycle.
A: Evaporation
Q: What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere?
A: The troposphere.
Q: Define “sustainability” in environmental terms.
A: Using resources in a way that ensures availability for future generations while maintaining ecological balance
Q: Why might HICs have an ageing population while LICs have youthful populations?
A: HICs have better healthcare and education; LICs often have higher birth rates and lower life expectancy
Q: What can happen if fish stocks are overharvested?
A: Collapse of fish populations and damage to marine ecosystems.
Q: Which sector uses the most freshwater globally?
A: Agriculture
Q: What is a major source of urban air pollution?
A: Vehicle emissions.
Q: Which method estimates population size using capture and recapture?
A: The Lincoln Index
Q: Name one economic problem caused by an ageing population.
A: Shrinking workforce and increased healthcare costs
Q: Name one advantage of using wind power.
A: It produces no greenhouse gas emissions.
Q: What is greywater recycling?
A: Reusing wastewater from baths, sinks, and washing machines.
Q: What is carbon sequestration?
A: Capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Q: Name two limitations of using big data in environmental research.
A: High costs and difficulty interpreting large volumes of data
Q: What is in situ conservation?
A: Conservation of species in their natural habitats.
Q: What is sustainable resource management?
A: Using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising future availability.
Q: What causes physical water scarcity?
A: Lack of sufficient water resources in an area.
Q: Give one example of adapting to climate change.
A: Building flood defenses.
Q: What are biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem?
A: Biotic = living things (plants, animals); Abiotic = non-living things (climate, soil, water)
Q: What are ecosystem services? Give an example.
A: Benefits provided by ecosystems to humans, like pollination of crops.
Q: What is a common conflict over resources between local communities and large corporations?
A: Land and water rights.
Q: Name one water-related conflict between countries.
A: Disputes over the Nile River between Egypt and Ethiopia.
Q: What is the name of the international agreement signed in 2015 to tackle climate change?
A: The Paris Agreement.