MOD 1 & 2
What are the continents?
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania
What if the dependency ratio formula?
What are some strategies for managing food security?
Increase food production by intensifcation and extensification, subsistence agriculture, aquaculture, hydroponics, reduce food waste, large scale food stockpiling, and rationing
Two types of acid deposition
Impacts on acid deposition
Wet deposition (snow, rain, hail, fog) Dry deposition (dust and gases)
aquatic environments - the effects on fish gills and fish populations
vegetation and crops - defoliation and reduced crop yield
stone and brick buildings - enhanced chemical weathering
The amount of marks the question is, is how many answers you should give
What are the 5 oceans?
Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Southern Ocean
Describe the impacts of ageing populations
Lower taw revenues
higher pension spending
pressure on health care
pressure to raise retirement age
What are some renewable and non- renewable energy resources?
Biofuels (biomass including wood, bio ethanol and biomass, geothermal energy, hydroelectric dams, tidal energy, wave energy, solar energy, wind energy)
Fossil fuel(oil, natural gas, coal), nuclear energy using uranium as a fuel
Impacts of photochemical smog
- eye and respiratory irritation
- decreased crop yield
- deterioration of plastics and rubber
1 hour and 45 minutes
State the major components of the Earth’s atmosphere?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Argon, Water Vapor
How to manage a changing population
What are the world’s major terrestrial biomes in terms of climate, soil type, and vegetation?Improved availability of contraception, improved education on contraception and opportunities for women, and improved health care.
Desert, forest, grassland, and tundra
What are some strategies to reduce the impacts of waste disposal?
Reduce, reuse and recycle, composting, food waste for animal feed, education, fermentation, and biodegradable plastics
Describe the impacts of ozone depletion due to the increased amounts of ultraviolet radiation
Health human (cataracts, skin cancer)
decreased crop yields
biodiversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
degradation of materials used in clothing and construction
What is something you should do for each question?
Read it throughly because the answer is sometimes apart of the question/ description
What is Lincoln index used for?
What is Simpson index used for?
To calculate population size N= n1 x n2 / m2
To estimate biodiversity D= 1 - (sum of total sign(n/N)^2)
Describe the benefits of conserving biodiversity?
Resources of potential medicines, food, wood, fibers, oils, fuels, diversity in genes, ecological services, cultural and recreational value
What is the distribution of Earth’s water?
Salt water in the ocean, surface fresh water (ice sheets, glaciers,lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, permafrost) sub-surface fresh water (soil moisture, ground water, permafrost) and atmospheric water
What are the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities
Combustion of fossil fuels (carbon dioxide and water vapor)
rice fields and livestock (methane)
landfill sites (methane)
How can you know how many marks you have in total?
Add up the amount of marks you have answered
What are methods of data collection?
Geospatial system
Satellite sensors
Radio Tracking
Computer Modeling
Crowd Sourcing
What are the impacts human activity on Antarctica?
Climate change, ozone depletion, tourism, overfishing, future mineral and oil extraction, scientific research
Describe and evaluate strategies for managing water security?
Reduction in water use, poverty reduction, rationing, international agreement and water related aid, education on sustainable water use
Outline geo-engineering strategies to counteract climate change
impacts of climate change on the environment
Solar radiation management (SRM)
- albedo enhancement, space reflectors, stratospheric aerosols
temperature and precipitation, sea level, ocean and wind circulation, melting of sea ice, ice sheets, glaciers and permafrost, species distribution and biodiversity
How many marks do you need to pass paper 1 and 2?
32 (2022) and 31 (2022)
estimate around 35 on each to pass