The Berlin Conference
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To prevent the fighting of European nations over the division of Africa.
What was the "white man's burden"?
the white race’s supposed duty to “civilize” "inferior" non-white races.
This expression was widely used by Europeans in the 19th century to describe Africa. The name was not given because of the skin color of its inhabitants, but because Europeans knew very little about Africa, other than it seemed to be a dangerous place.
The Dark Continent
What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference?
Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders
As part of their “sense of duty,” many imperial powers believed they needed to colonize the continent of Africa for reasons that were known as the “Three Cs.” These were...
Commerce, Christianity, and Civilization
Who won the second Boer War?
The British
These two European nations, despite the Berlin Conference agreements, almost engaged in a war over Egypt and the Sudan region.
Britain and France
Why did Britain insist on taking control of the Suez Canal?
Britain wanted easier access to its holdings in Asia, for example, India.
How did Menelik II keep colonial interests out of Ethiopia?
By exploiting European conflict and building a modern army
When was the Berlin Conference?
1884-1885
What caused low food supplies in Africa as a result of colonialism?
European insistence on the growth of cash crops
"___________" was a saying about the British Empire at the height of its power.
"The sun never sets on the British Empire"
Compare direct rule with indirect rule.
Name examples for bonus points
Direct:
Local governments used; Limited Self-rule; the Goal is assimilation; Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules; Examples include British colonies such as Nigeria, India, and Burma, and US colonies on Pacific Islands
Indirect rule:
Foreign officials were brought in to rule; No self-rule; Government institutions are based on European styles; Examples include French colonies such as Somaliland, and Vietnam, German colonies such as German East Africa, Portuguese colonies such as Angola
Europeans used _____ to govern people in colonies. This provided them with needs but did not give them full rights.
Paternalism