Exams' Echo
In a scientific experiment, this is the variable that is measured by the researchers.
What is the dependent variable?
Heterozygous individuals who are usually phenotypically normal, but may transmit the recessive allele to their offspring.
What are carriers?
After 2 years of breeding flies, Morgan found one fly that looked like this.
What is a white-eyed male?
This describes two strands of DNA, where the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the other.
What is antiparallel?
The codons of mRNA are read in this direction.
What is 5' to 3'?
These are the monomers that make up each polymer, or polypeptide, of a protein molecule.
What are amino acids?
An organism that has two different alleles for a gene.
What is a heterozygote?
Chromosomal breakage can lead to this, where one segment of DNA is repeated.
What is duplication?
The model of replication where each daughter molecule will have one old strand from the parent and one newly made strand.
What is the semiconservative model?
This component of translation brings a water molecule instead of an amino acid, leading to the hydrolysis of the growing polypeptide chain.
What is the release factor?
By the end of this, the diploid parent cell has given rise to four haploid daughter cells.
What is meiosis?
This is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation, when their monohybrid, heterozygote parents self-pollinate.
What is 3:1?
A man who carries an allele of an X-linked gene will pass it on to this percentage of daughters.
What is 100%?
These nucleotide sequences postpone the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules.
What are telomeres?
A mutation of this kind changes an amino acid codon into a stop codon, causing a premature end to translation.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This is the only non-reactive functional group, and it plays a large part in gene expression.
What is the methyl group?
When two or more genes have an additive effect on one character.
What is polygenic inheritance?
This condition, where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, is quite common in plants.
What is polyploidy?
This enzyme prevents overwinding of the DNA strand by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands.
What is topoisomerase?
This portion of the promoter, though hilariously named, is crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes.
What is the TATA box?
One oxygen atom is the difference between ribose and this sugar, part of the nucleoside of DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
What is epistasis?
A nondisjunction event occurring here leads to 1/2 normal gametes, 1/4 gametes with n+1, and 1/4 gametes with n-1.
What is meiosis II?
Named for the scientist that discovered them, these segments of DNA are created in a series as DNA polymerase builds the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This enzyme ensures a correct match between tRNA and an amino acid.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?