Carbon Capture and Storage & Air Scrubbers
What gas is primarily captured in carbon capture and storage systems?
What is CO2 or Carbon Dioxide?
Instead of generating heat, a heat pump does this to existing heat in the environment.
It moves or transfers heat.
https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps/how-a-heat-pump-works
What material are baghouse filters usually made of?
What is fabric or cloth?
What metals are commonly used in catalytic converters to speed up reactions? To get the points you must say at least 2 of them.
What is platinum, palladium, or rhodium?
What does AQHI stand for?
What is the term for storing captured carbon underground in rock formations?
Heat pumps would not be sustainable to those living in colder climates. True or False?
FALSE. It is important to note that the vast majority of air-source heat pumps have a minimum operating temperature, below which they are unable to operate. For newer models, this can range from between -15°C to -25°C. Below this temperature, a supplemental system must be used to provide heating to the building. Sort of like adding a jacket on top of a sweater when it's colder than a certain temp.
https://natural-resources.canada.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-star/heating-cooling-heat-pump
What is the main reason why baghouse filters require periodic cleaning?
What is to prevent clogging or reduced airflow?
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) applies an electrical charge to the particles in the air. These particulates are then attracted to what?
What is "a negatively charged plate or field, where they are collected."
https://sathee.prutor.ai/article/physics/physics-electrostatic-precipitator/
These natural events can contribute to air pollution by releasing ash and gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
How do dry air scrubbers work?
The system sprays a collection of dry reagents into an exhaust stream. These chemicals can react differently depending on which material they are specifically targeting for removal. Some of these materials neutralize harmful pollutants in the stream through a chemical reaction, while others cause a material to react and turn into a different substance. That substance then falls out of the gas stream or is caught in a particle screen.
Heat pumps reduce the need to burn which fossil fuel commonly used in home heating?
What is natural gas (or oil)?
https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps/how-a-heat-pump-works
Which highly toxic metals are often found in emissions from power plants and industrial facilities, and its particles are captured by baghouse filters. List at least two heavy metals to get the points.
the environmental risk of dust in terms of the leaching behaviors of seven different HMs (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn) was estimated in the conclusion.
The leaching characteristics and bio-accessibility of seven HMs—arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were observed.
What does an electrostatic precipitator remove from a gas stream?
For how long do dust and soot generally remain in the air?
10 days. On average, this is how long it takes for dust, soot and water-soluble chemicals to be washed out of the atmosphere by falling rain.
https://climate.nasa.gov/quizzes/air-we-breathe-quiz/?intent=021
What percentage of total anthropogenic (human-made) CO2 emissions between 1750 and 2010 have been produced in the last 40 years?
What is 50%?
I'll give it to you if you're within 10 percent either way (40% - 60%)
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/carbon-capture-and-storage/
Compared to traditional electric heaters, heat pumps are known for this major benefit.
Higher energy efficiency and cheaper to run
https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps/how-a-heat-pump-works
Which gas, commonly produced by the burning of fossil fuels, reacts with water vapor in the atmosphere to form acid rain. Two possible options, double points if you get both.
Burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity. Two thirds of SO2 and one fourth of NOX in the atmosphere come from
1) electric power generators
2) vehicles and heavy equipment
3) Manufacturing, oil refineries and other industries.
What are the main difference between a catalytic converter and an electrostatic precipitator, in terms of their main function.
Catalytic converters control gases (e.g., CO, NOₓ), while electrostatic precipitators control particulate matter
Agriculture benefits air quality by removing one specific Greenhouse Gas (GHG), which GHG is being removed?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
In the air, carbon exists mostly as carbon dioxide (CO2). Through photosynthesis, green plants invest the sun's energy in this CO2, building from it first sugars and then other energy-rich forms. Plant materials are then eaten by other organisms-microbes, cows, and humans, among others-who, in effect, burn the material back to CO2, using the solar energy it contains to live and grow.
Some of the energy-rich carbon materials can be stored for thousands or millions of years before being converted back to CO2. For example, soils contain vast amounts of carbon held in organic matter (humus), and the carbon in fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, which is solar energy trapped by plants eons ago.
https://agriculture.canada.ca/en/environment/greenhouse-gases
How do wet air scrubbers work?
These devices use a scrubbing liquid to remove the pollutants. The exhaust gas is moved through the scrubbing liquid (usually through a chamber) and the liquid is misted through the gas. Then, the gas emerges without the contaminants and pollutants that existed before exposure to the scrubbing liquid.[4] When the gas is sprayed with the fluid, the heavier pollutants are pulled out of the gas and attach to the liquid because of its chemical composition. As the gas is passed through the cleaning mist, the contaminants are attracted to the mist and left behind.
This term refers to the phenomenon where heat pumps are able to provide cooling in the summer by reversing the flow of refrigerant.
What is a heat pump’s "reversible cycle" (or heating/cooling mode switch)?
https://natural-resources.canada.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-star/heating-cooling-heat-pump
What size are the PM that are particularly hazardous to human health, as they can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream?
Anything under PM10, the lower the more dangerous.
https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics
What three major pollutants does a catalytic converter reduce?
What are nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons?
How far can air pollution travel from its source?
Around the world. From space, we can see pollution moving across the oceans from one continent to another. For example, vast quantities of industrial aerosols (microscopic particles suspended in the atmosphere) and smoke from events such as wood or vegetation burning can travel from one side of the globe to another.