Category
Define what type of aircraft, or requirements are needed for Category 1? What is the speed and climb rate?
Weight: 12,500 pounds or less
Single-engine
Propeller-driven
Speed -100-160knots; climb up to 1000ft per/min
All helicopters
speed- 90-160knots; climb 500-2150ft p/min
Designators may have as many as ________ characters, but no less than ________.
4; 2
Wing Configuration type?
Straight, swept, and Delta
What is wake turbulence?
phenomenon resulting from the passage of an aircraft through the atmosphere
____ generated by the creation of pressure differential over the wing surface. How?
Lift; lowest pressure above and highest pressure below the wing
Define what type of aircraft, or requirements needed for Category 2? What is the speed and climb rate?
Weight: 12,500 pounds or less
Twin-engine
Propeller-driven
Speed -160-250knots; climb 1000-2000ft per/min.
What is generally the first character in an aircraft designator?
Letter
What are the three types of engines?
reciprocating - operates on gas and with a propeller
turboprop - has 2 metal exhaust on propeller, use jet fuel
turbojet - jet engine no propeller
Circular patterns of air created by wake turbulence called?
wake vortex, wingtip vortices
vortex circulation off wingtip for aircraft and wingtip vortices for helicopters?
counterclockwise off right wing, clockwise off the left wing, drifting laterally 2-3knots when close to the ground for aircrafts
during forward flight
Define what type of aircraft, or requirements are needed for Category 3? What is the speed and climb rate?
Any other aircraft not in CAT 1 or 2
All large multi-engine turbojet
Speed -300-550 knots; climb 2000-4000ft p/min.
What are the 9 Aircraft Identification Features?
Size
Wing placement
Windows
Engine location and number
Wing configuration
Fuselage
Engine type
Tail configuration
Landing gear
What are the types of windows on an aircraft?
Bubble canopy
oval
square
round
teardrop
Three factors that affect the strength of a vortex?
Weight, speed, shape of wing
When do vortices begin for a fixed-wing aircraft?
At rotation or when lift begins
What are the 9 factors that affect aircraft performance?
Weather conditions
Aircraft configuration
Altitude
Load
Pilot’s ability
Climb rate
Engine performance
Speed
Weight class
4 engine location and number?
on fuselage
under wing
through tail
through vertical stabilizer
3 main types of wing placements? Two rare types?
High, Mid, and low-wing.
Bi-wing and Canard - (on nose of cockpit)
The greatest strength of a vortex is when the aircraft is ___ and strength diminishes with___
heavy, clean and slow
time and distance
Vortices from larger aircraft will sink approximately _____ per minute and level off approximately __________ feet below the flight path. Counter control is most effective and roll is minimal when the wingspan and the ailerons extend beyond the __________ of the vortex
300-500ft
500-1000ft
outer edges
What are the 4 weight classes and take off weight?
Small - 41000 lbs or less
Large - over 41000lbs up to but not including 300,000lbs
Heavy -300,000lbs and more
Super - no specific weight - only 2 aircrafts: A225 & A380
What are the types of tail configurations?
Conventional
Forward slant vertical stabilizer
horizontal stabilizer above fuselage
"T" tail
"V" tail
Types of landing gear?
Fixed or retractable
Tricycle or conventional
Assuming similar aircraft, which aircraft would create a greater wake turbulence effect?
Aircraft cruising en route
Aircraft on approach to the airport
Aircraft on takeoff from airport
Aircraft on approach to the airport
What causes helicopter downwash and how long is the spread distance?
slow hover taxi or stationary hover
spread outward 3 times the diameter of the rotor in all directions