Berlo & Phillips (2015)
Define "survivance"
(survival and resistance)
combines "survival" and "resistance" to describe how Indigenous peoples, cultures, art, and stories endure, to defy colonialism
What is NAGPRA? What did it do?
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990)
Required the return of human remains and sacred objects to their place of origin from museums receiving federal funding.
How was music considered a form of resistance in Native Boarding Schools?
Boarding schools prohibited Native singing and dancing, but "Indian bands" (based closely on military bands) learned and enjoyed performing Western music.
What are three examples (from the reading) of non-Native artists using Native art for inspiration?
After European contact, what did many tribes of the Northeast do?
Post-European contact, the tribes of the Northeast were quick to respond to the influences and demands of European travelers, many of whom were soldiers, and a thriving marketplace for "curiosities" developed. Using Indigenous materials like porcupine quill and birch bark, the tribes began creating souvenirs (model canoes, toy cradles, moccasins, beadwork, silk ribbon). This helped to stimulate trade and both economies and souvenirs were often sold in Europe.
What was the first international Indigenous music festival
Rock Aak'w (ahk-wah) in Juneau, AK in 2021
What role can popular Native musicians play in raising awareness of issues facing Native people? Name 2 issues.
Musicians can raise awareness by reaching many people with their messages about:
- suicide prevention
- MMIWG
- inequitable conditions faced by Native people
- environmental issues
Define "middle ground" in the context of the reading.
Historian Richard White coined the term “middle ground” to describe the new intercultural forms of diplomacy, ritual, and art that emerged in the Great Lakes in response to the new patterns of trade, warfare, displacement, and cultural mixing. Following White, we might think of all of North America during the five centuries since Columbus as a metaphorical middle ground, a space of negotiation of social, political, and aesthetic values and ideas that is often reflected with particular vividness in postcontact arts.
What two movements were artist Kay Walkingstick inspired by?
Women's Movement
American Indian Movement
Walkingstick faced discrimination in the art world both because she was a woman and because she was Native. She was often discouraged by art dealers and critics from participating in Native-centric exhibitions because she wouldn't be taken seriously.
What are two examples of how Native musicians have used the internet to continue musical traditions?
Social Distance Powwow website
“Stompdancers, shellshakers, and stickballers” Facebook group
What did Immanuel Kant say about fine art? What implications does it have for Native art?
Kant claimed that creative freedom wasn't present in "useful" objects and that "fine" arts were intellectual and aesthetic (paintings and sculptures). Because many Native North American artistic expression occurs in the making of "useful" items (pots, clothing, weapons), these items were assigned to the categories of applied art or craft, which were long thought to be inferior.