Vocabulary
Fossil Record
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Adaptations
100
A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
Adaptation
100
Older fossils are found in ______ layers of rock, while more recent (complex) fossils are found in _______ layers.
lower;higher
bottom;top
100
Traits that help an organism survive will be selected ___ while traits that do not will be selected _______
for;against
100
What is the name of the type of artificial selection where humans select two parents in an attempt to produce offspring that have their desired traits?
Selective Breeding
100
What would most likely happen to a population of light and dark moths if their habitat became impacted by pollution?
Increase in dark moths over time.
200
The gradual change in a species over time
Evolution
200
What can the fossil record tell us about organisms?
A. changes in animal behavior
B. why living things look different based on their geographic location
C. how organisms have evolved over time
D. the predators of various animals
C
200
White and brown colored squirrels co-exist in an environment. If temperature decreases and there is continuous snowfall in the area, what can we expect to see over several generations?
an increase in the frequency of white squirrels, and a decrease in the frequency of brown squirrels.
200
What is the type of artificial selection where humans use genetic modification to introduce completely new traits to an unrelated organism through transfer of DNA?
Genetic Engineering
200
What is one example of an adaptation that may arise in a plant to protect it from species feeding on or around it?
spines, etc.
300
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
Fitness
300
Which of the following is true of species and their environment over millions of years?
A. species have changed but their environment has not
B. their environment has changed but species have not
C. neither species nor the environment have changed
D. both species and their environment have changed over time
D
300
If a frog population changes color from green to light brown over many generations, which question should be asked to determine whether the population changes are a result of natural selection or artificial selection?
A. Was there a change in the genetic traits of the frogs?
B. What do humans need to keep frogs healthy as pets?
C. Were the genes of the frogs inherited from their parents?
D. Was there a change in the environment where the frogs live?
D
300
List three examples when artificial selection may be used.
Breeding dogs for specific traits, breeding for fast race horses, genetically engineering crops.
300
In any pack of animals, the slowest are often eaten by predators while the most agile are able to avoid them. This is an example of...
A. parasitism
B. artificial selection
C. survival of the fittest
D. selective breeding
C
400
Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits
Genetic Engineering
400
Explain the difference between relative dating and absolute dating.
Relative dating can compare ages of fossils based on the layer in which they are found, absolute dating can gather the exact age of a fossil.
400
A dosage of antibiotic is used on a culture of bacteria. What is true of the future generations of bacteria?
A. the bacteria in future generations will have a heightened resistance to the antibiotic
B. the bacteria in future generations will have no resistance to the antibiotic
C. the surviving bacteria will not be able to pass on their traits to their offspring
D. the bacteria will reproduce using selective breeding
A
400
Artificial selection can decrease the amount of genetic diversity within a population. What is dangerous about having a population that lacks (does not have) genetic diversity.
They are less capable of responding to their environment and more prone to extinction.
400
Explain the difference between an adaptation and a variation.
Variations are differences, adaptations are differences that help an organism survive.
500
The fossil record allows us to see that dinosaurs such as theropods and early birds shared many qualities such as feathers and some bone structures. This most likely means they evolved from a _____ ______.
common ancestor
500
Explain how the fossil record shows proof of evolution.
The fossil record shows adaptations that species have undergone over time due to changes in their environment. Shows modern day species are descendants of species from the past.
500
Give me an example of a population of organisms before, an environmental pressure, and how that environmental pressure changed the frequency of alleles within the population.
Answers will vary