Expansion of Islam
Beginning of Al-Andalus
Evolution of Al-Andalus
On an Alquería
Vocabulary
100
In the 8th Century, the Muslims successfully conquered Constantinople and converted all of the Byzantine Empire to Islam. TRUE OR FALSE
FLASE
100
Visigoth kings made Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) richer and safer during the than during Roman times. The majority of the population was grateful, happy and prosperous. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
100
What was the name of the emir who proclaimed himself Caliph and established the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929 AD?
Abd al-Rahman I
100
What do you call "a small rural community inhabited by several families in Al-Andalus"?
An Alquería
100
What is a "well"?
Hole in the ground for extracting water (un pozo)
200
Which of the following regions was part of the Islamic Empire in the 8th Century? Egypt, Turkey, Persia, Arabia, the Iberian Peninsula, the Kingdom of the Franks
-Egypt
-Persia
-Arabia
-The Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus)
200
Where did the Muslims enter Spain in the 8th Century (how did they enter the Iberian Peninsula)?
The Strait of Gibralter
200
What do we call the administrative regions into which al-Andalus was divided? *There were more than twenty-five of these kingdoms
Taifas
200
Name three crops introduced by the Arabs to Hispania?
Rice, aubergines, asparagus, spinach, pumpkins, cucumbers, garlic, onions, carrots, watermelons, pomegranates, figs, bananas, apricots, saffron, sugar cane, cotton...
200
What does the word "vast" mean?
Enormous, extensive (vasto)
300
Describe the differences between the Shia and the Sunni.
The Shia believe the Calif should be a direct descendant of Muhammad; the Sunni place special importance on the Sunnah (traditional Muslim laws) and believe the Calif should be chosen from among the most devout believers.
300
In the Battle of Guadalete in the year 711 AD, the Muslim army defeated the last Visigoth king and conquered much of the Iberian Peninsula. What was the name of the king? What were the names of the two Muslim military commanders?
-King Roderic (Rodrigo)
-Musa
-Tariq (Tarik)
300
What did the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada do to avoid attacks from the Christian Kingdoms to its north?
The kingdom's prosperous economy enabled it to pay large amounts of gold to the Christians who in turn agreed not to invade.
300
Why did agriculture improve on the Iberian Peninsula under the the Muslims?
-Irrigation systems
-Translations of agricultural texts from the Middle East
300
What does the word "seize" mean?
To take by force (confiscar)
400
In which battle were the Muslim armies defeated, forcing them to retreat south of the Pyrenees?
The Battle of Poitiers AKA the Battle of Tours (732 AD)
400
In what region of the Iberian Peninsula did some Visigoth nobles and devout Christians go into hiding to escape the Muslim invaders?
The Cantabrian Mountains
400
In what year did Bodabil, the last ruler of the Kingdom of Granada, surrender to the Christians?
1492
400
What happened to the population of the Iberian Peninsula during the age of Al-Andalus?
It rose
400
What does the word "clash" mean?
A confrontation (confrontación)
500
After the first four Caliphs, the Islamic Empire was ruled by two dynasties. What were the names of these two dynasties?
The Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties
500
Describe the differences between the terms "Mozarab" and "Muladi."
Muladis: Hispano-Romans who converted to Islam and spoke Arabic
Mozarabs: people who remained Christian and mostly lived in urban areas of Al-Andalus
500
Why is the Caliphate of Córdoba considered the Golden Age of Al-Andalus?
-successful military campaigns subdued the Christian Kingdoms
-Economic prosperity
-Bureaucracy and taxes allowed for the building of schools and mosques
500
Try to explain how a noria functioned in Al-Andalus?
1) A donkey moves a water wheel
2) A drum passes the movement to a chain
3) The chain lifts the water to the surface using clay pots
4) Water is extracted for irrigation
500
What does the word "besiege" mean?
To attack (sitiar)