Properties of Matter
What are the three main states of matter?
A: Solid, liquid, and gas.
Q: What state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Solid
Q: What is melting?
A: When a solid changes into a liquid due to heat.
Q: How do particles move in a solid?
A: They vibrate in place and are packed tightly together.
Q: Why wear goggles?
A: To protect your eyes from spills or splashes.
Q: What does the word matter mean?
A: Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Q: What state of matter takes the shape of its container?
A: Liquid.
Q: What is evaporation?
A: When a liquid becomes a gas.
Q: How do particles move in a liquid?
A: They slide past each other and are close but not tightly packed.
Q: What should you do if you spill a substance?
A: Tell the teacher and follow cleanup instructions.
Q: What property describes how heavy something is for its size?
A: Density.
Q: When a solid melts into a liquid, what happens to the particles?
A: They gain energy and move faster, spreading apart.
Q: Name one example of a physical change.
A: Cutting paper, melting ice, dissolving sugar, freezing water, etc.
Q: How do particles move in a gas?
A: They move very fast and are spread far apart.
Q: Why measure materials accurately?
A: To make results fair, accurate, and repeatable.
Q: What property could you measure using a ruler?
A: Length, width, height, or volume (for a rectangular object).
Q: What state of matter has particles moving very fast and spread far apart?
A: Gas.
Q: What is one sign that a chemical change has occurred?
A: Colour change, new smell, gas bubbles, heat, or a new substance forms.
Q: What happens to particle movement when heat is added?
A: Particles speed up and move farther apart.
Q: What is a variable?
A: Something that can change in an experiment.
Q: Explain the difference between a physical property and a chemical property.
A: A physical property can be observed without changing the substance (e.g., color), while a chemical property describes how a substance can change into something new.
Q: Describe how heat affects particles in all three states of matter.
A: Heat makes particles move faster and spread apart; cooling slows them down and brings them closer together.
Q: Explain how heating and cooling can cause matter to change states using a real-life example.
A: Example: Ice cream melts in the sun (solid → liquid), or water freezes into ice cubes in a freezer (liquid → solid).
Q: Compare the spacing of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
A: Solids: very close together; liquids: close but able to move; gases: very far apart.
Q: Describe a safe way to test how fast materials dissolve.
A: Use equal amounts of water, the same stirring method, and wear safety equipment while timing each substance.