Properties of Matter
What are the three main states of matter?
A: Solid, liquid, and gas.
What state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Solid
What is a phase change?
A change from one state of matter to another.
What is the typical response of materials to heating?
Expansion.
What measurements are used for mass?
milligrams, grams, kilograms
Q: What does the word matter mean?
A: Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What state of matter takes the shape of its container?
Liquid.
Does the mass of a substance change during a phase change?
No, the mass remains constant.
What happens to materials when they are cooled?
They contract
What measurement are used for liquids?
millilitres, litres.
What property describes how tightly packed the matter is in an object?
Density.
which property has weak attractive forces?
gas
What is it called when a solid changes to a gas?
sublimation
Why is water's behavior upon freezing unusual compared to most substances?
Solid water (ice) has a greater volume and is less dense than liquid water.
What scale do scientists use to measure temperature?
The Celsius or Fahrenheit scale.
what is compressibility?
the ability of a substance to be squeezed or compressed into a smaller volume.
Q: What state of matter has particles moving very fast and spread far apart?
A: Gas.
What is it called when a gas changes to a solid
deposition
What is one implication of water's unusual property for aquatic life?
Ice forms an insulating layer, protecting aquatic life beneath it.
What are the boiling and freezing points of water in degrees Celsius?
Freezing point is 0°C, boiling point is 100°C.
Describe mass and volume.
mass - how much matter an object contains
volume - amount of space an object takes up
Compare the spacing of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
Solids: very close together; liquids: close but able to move; gases: very far apart.
Explain how heating and cooling can cause matter to change states using a real-life example.
Example: Ice cream melts in the sun (solid → liquid), or water freezes into ice cubes in a freezer (liquid → solid).
Explain why consideration of expansion and contraction is important in construction.
To prevent structural damage due to temperature changes affecting materials.
How does a liquid thermometer measure temperature?
It uses the expansion of liquid in response to temperature changes.