How it is Created
What is the production of alcohol from sugars through the action of yeasts?
Fermentation
This was one of the major "______ ______" (2x words) that lasted almost ________ (number) years.
This was one of the major "culture wars" that lasted almost 100 years.
What are the signs of alcohol poisoning?
Name all 4.
1. The person is unconscious or semiconscious?
2. Breathing rate is low (less than 8 breaths per min) or irregular (10 seconds between any two breaths).
3. Skin is cold and clammy, or pale, or has a blush tinge.
4. The person vomits and then loses consciousness.
(page 199)
What happens with your peripheral circulation in your central nervous system? Give a strong confident answer, but keep it simple.
The dilation of peripheral blood vessels are effected. Your body looses heat, and that ironically makes you feel warm. This causes the slow down of your biochemical processes. This can make you go into shock. (page 205)
What is abstinence syndrome? and what are the steps/stages?
This occurs with prolonged heavy use of alcohol that can happen with alcohol intake stops. The abstinence syndrome that develops is medically more severe and more likely to cause death than is withdrawal from opioid drugs. This is the withdraw process.
Stage 1: tremors, rapid heartbeat, hypertension, heavy sweating, loss of appetite, insomnia. Stage 2: hallucinations. Stage 3: delusions, disorientations, delirium, sometimes amnesia. Stage 4: Seizure Activity.
What is the evaporation and condensing of alcohol vapors to produce beverages with higher alcohol content?
Distillation
The first state prohibition started in what year and what state?
1851 when Maine passed its prohibition law. Between 1851 and 1855 an additional 13 states passed statewide prohibition laws, but by 1868, they were repealed.
Alcohol was used for what medical purpose and what was the needed BAC? What were the dangers?
0.35 BAC for surgical anesthesia; this is the minimal level for causing death. BAC is difficult to regulate. 0.40 BAC is estimated 50% morality level.
Why do you have to use the bathroom so much when drinking? What will happen to your blood pressure because of this?
Alcohol interacts with the brain and decreases the output of the antidiuretic hormone ADH- also called vasopressin that keeps fluid in your body. This makes you have to go more. This can lower your blood pressure. (page 205)
Alcohol tends to increase the user's focus on "____________" (3x words), a kind of alcohol myopia.
The here and now.
Proof
What types of people described Saloons and how did they describe them in 1899?
A group of educations, lawyers, and clergymen described the saloon as the working man's club, in which many of his leisure hours are spent, and in which he finds more of the things that approximate luxury than in his home. It is a center of learning, books, papers, and a lecture hall to them. It is a clearing house for the common intelligence, the place where their philosophy of life is worked out, and their political and social beliefs take their beginnings.
What % of intoxicated drivers involved in a fatal crash have never been convicted of DUI in the past?
90% (page 202)
The CDC estimates about how many people die each year from simply drinking too much alcohol?
2,200 people (page 206)
What are some of the 11 possible criteria for alcohol use disorder from the DSM-5? What number of symptoms indicate a severe alcohol use disorder?
Drinking more than intended, desire to cute down or stop, craving, drinking causing disruption of major life roles, social problems, giving up activities, repeated hazardous use, tolerance, and withdrawal.
With 6 or more symptoms indicates a severe alcohol use disorder.
When alcohol is formed, other related substances known as ______________ are formed. These may include alcohols other than ethanol, oils, and other organic matter. Luckily there are present only in small amounts, because some of them are quite toxic. These effect smell, taste, color, and possibly hangovers.
Congeners
(Pg ____ and 207)
What was the Temperance Movement in America and who started it? Around what year did the group become fashionable?
Benjamin Rush- Hard liquor damaged the drinker's morality, leading to a variety of antisocial, immoral, and criminal behaviors. The concept of addiction was introduced. The Temperance Movement proposed that everyone should avoid distilled spirits entirety, because they were considered to be toxic, and should consume beer and wine in a temperate, or moderate manner. They became fashionable around 1800s.
A meta-analysis of 23 published reports from 9 countries found about what % of those who committed homicides were under the influence?
About half (50%) (page 205)
What does the brain damage look like for chronic alcohol abusers?
There is an overall loss of brain tissue. The ventricles (internal spaces) in the brain are enlarged, and the fissures (sulci) in the cortex are widened. There is also tissue loss that is associated with alcoholic dementia. (pg 207)
The notion that alcohol dependance is a disease in its own goes back to at least the ______'s (year zone), but did not become popular until __________ (2x words) began to have a major influence in the _____'s (year) and _____'s (year).
The notion that alcohol dependance is a disease in its own goes back to at least the 1700s's, but did not become popular until Alcoholics Anonymous began to have a major influence in the 1940's and 1950's.
What are the categories of alcohol discussed?
Distilled Products (Beer and Wine) and Distilled Spirits
Who helped get prohibition repealed and why?
What Amendment created prohibition for the whole of the U.S.? What Amendment repeated prohibition?
In 1926 the Association Against Prohibition was founded. They were concerned about tax revenue. The Great Depression hurt tax revenue. The 18th Amendment was repealed by the 21st on February 20th, 1933.
What goes wrong with the liver? If you do get lucky and get a liver transplant, what is the survival rate after 2 years?
Liver Disorders (Fatty acids built up), Alcoholic hepatitis, Cirrhosis- the 7th leading cause of death in the US (pg 208)
After two years your survival rate with a transplant is 64% (PG 209)
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome and what are the symptoms?
It is associated with a deficiency of thiamine (Vitamin B) and can sometimes be corrected nutritionally. Symptoms include: confusion, ataxia (impaired coordination while walking) and abnormal eye movements. Most with Wernicke's disease will also experience Korsakoff's psychosis which causes inability to remember or ability to learn new information.
What are some behavior treatments for alcohol dependance?
What are some medication treatments for alcohol?
Where can you find more and up to date information?
Motivational enhancement, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Contingency Management
Disulfiram, naltrexone, acamprosate