alcohol

Acute Effects on the CNS

100

This neurotransmitter is enhanced by alcohol leading to CNS depression.

GABA

200

Acute alcohol use impairs this part of the brain responsible for coordination.

Cerebellum

300

Blackouts occur when alcohol inhibits this memory-forming structure.

Hippocampus

400

Alcohol can mimic symptoms of this neurologic emergency

Stroke

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects

100

Alcohol initially increases heart rate via inhibition of this autonomic branch.

Parasympathetic nervous system

200

Alcohol's effect on blood pressure in moderate amounts is generally.....

decreased = hypotension

300

Acute alcohol ingestion may cause this dangerous arrhythmia in susceptible individuals.

A.Fib

400

Severe intoxication can cause depression of this vital respiratory center.

A) Medullary respiratory centre

B) Respiratory centre of the Hippocampus

C) Cerebral respiratory centre

A) Medullary respiratory centre

Alcohol Metabolism Pathways

100

This enzyme catalyzes the first step of alcohol metabolism.

A) Catalase

B) Alcohol dehydrogenase

C) Lactate dehydrogenase

D) Pyruvate kinase

alcohol dehydrogenase

200

Alcohol is ultimately converted into this molecule before entering the TCA cycle.

A) Oxaloacetate

B) Acetyl-CoA

C) Malate

D) Citrate

B) Acetyl-CoA

300

Name the microsomal enzyme system that also metabolises alcohol, especially at high doses.

A) CYP3A4

B) Glutathione S-transferase

C) NADPH oxidase

D) MEOS / CYP2E1 system

D) MEOS / CYP2E1 system

400

Genetic deficiency of this enzyme leads to flushing, nausea, and tachycardia after alcohol.

A) Pyruvate dehydrogenase

B) Lactate dehydrogenase

C) Aldehyde dehydrogenase

D) Succinyl-CoA synthetase

C) Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Metabolic Consequences of Alcohol

100

Alcohol increases this ratio in hepatocytes, disrupting normal metabolism.

• A) NAD⁺/NADH

• B) ATP/ADP

• C) NADH/NAD⁺

• D) FAD/FADH₂

• C) NADH/NAD⁺

200

Elevated NADH favors conversion of pyruvate into this metabolite, contributing to acidosis.

• A) Malate

• B) Lactate

• C) Glucose

• D) Succinate

• B) Lactate

300

Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia is primarily due to inhibition of this process.

• A) Glycolysis

• B) Glycogenolysis

• C) Gluconeogenesis
• 
  
• D) Pentose phosphate pathway

C) Gluconeogenesis

400

Chronic alcohol use can cause accumulation of this fat due to impaired β-oxidation.

Triglycerides

Alcohol Toxicity and Clinical Scenarios

100

This type of ketoacidosis may be seen in chronic alcoholics, especially after fasting.

• A) Diabetic ketoacidosis

• B) Starvation ketoacidosis

• C) Alcoholic ketoacidosis

• D) Hyperosmolar ketoacidosis

• C) Alcoholic ketoacidosis

200

Acute alcohol intoxication is a common cause of this electrolyte disturbance due to vomiting.

Hypokalaemia

300

The legal BAC limit for driving in most countries is approximately this percentage

• A) 0.05%

• B) 0.08%

• C) 0.12%

• D) 0.15%

• B) 0.08%

400

This metabolite causes toxicity in methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion, not ethanol directly

• A) Formic acid or oxalic acid

• B) Acetone

• C) Beta-hydroxybutyrate

• D) Lactate

• A) Formic acid or oxalic acid