Introduction
What is another word for psychoactive drugs?
Psychotropic
What are the first 3 effects? (Most harmless)
Buzz/high, relaxation, disinhibition
What is an analgestic?
Pain relief
What are the steps of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Where does alcohol get distrubuted to?
The CNS; brain
What is the alcohol % in a 100 proof bottle? How do you find it?
50%; divide by 2
Emotional control and sleep quality
What is a diuretic?
What organs are used for metabolism and excretion?
Liver and kidneys
Why do women and men absorb alcohol differently?
Men have more enzymes
What are psychoactive/psychotropic drugs? What do they do? (Def + two characteristics)
- Recreational and therapeutic drugs
- Psychology: behavior, cognition, perception, mood, consciousness
MUST EFFECT BOTH
What type of sleep gets affected the most with alcohol?
Deep sleep
Blood flow increases; body temperature increases, which drops the core body temperature
What is the definition of distribution?
Reaching targeted tissue to get an effect via the bloodstream
What factors can decrease distribution rate?
Body size; muscle mass increases vasculature. More fluid compartments.
What is BAC? What are 3 facts about BAC?
-% of alcohol in one's blood stream
- Observable alcohol affects at .04% BAC
- BAC peaks 15-60 mins after last drink
- Takes 1 hour for the body to get rid of one drink
What are the 2 most dangerous effects of alcohol?
Blackout and increased rate of accidents, crime, and violence
What is the result of the dilation of peripheral blood vessels? Where does it take place?
Takes place in limbs ("peripheral"), gives the person a "warm" feeling
What are the chemical properties of alcohol and why are they important?
Highly lipid and water soluble; In order for a molecule to get into the gastrointestinal tract, it must be in solution (water). The molecule must also be able to cross membranes to leave the digestive tract to enter blood capillaries (lipid).
Where is alcohol metabolized? (3)
- 7.5-15% in stomach by alcohol dehydrogenase
-80-87.5% is metabolized in the liver
-Remaining 5% not metabolized; expelled via lungs (breathalyzer)
What are the different BAC levels, what happens at each of them, and when do they become dangerous?
- .02: Relaxed (legal to drive)
-.04: Buzz develops
-..06: Cognitive judgment is impaired
- .08: Nausea: impaired motor coordination
-.1-.15: Clear deterioration in cognitive judgment and motor coordination
-.2-.25: Black-outs can occur
-.3: Passes out; loses consciousness. Risk of death
-.4+: Lethal dose in most cases
Name the 5 "intermediate" effects of alcohol (#6-10)
Name the 6 physiological/biological effects of alcohol
1.) CNS depressant (suppresses)
2.) Decreased respiration
3.) Analgestic
4.) Anticonvulsant
5.) Diuretic
6.) Dilation of peripheral blood vessels
How much alcohol is absorbed in the stomach? Where does it go after?
7.5-15% of alcohol is immediately metabolized in the stomach before it can be absorbed. The remaining is absorbed in the small intestine (greater surface area). Spends more time in SI
Describe the metabolism model, steps, byproducts, and final result. What is acetaldehyde responsible for? (5 symptoms)
Alcohol molecule gets broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase and creates acetaldehyde and triglycerides. Acetaldehyde then gets broken down by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and becomes acetate. Hangover effect: feeling flushed, headache, increased heart rate, nausea, vomiting.