Show:
Reasons for Reform
Reforms Made
Short-Term Effects
Long-Term Effects
100
Natural resources and people needed to be transported across the country, and this would better prepare the country in case of attack.
What was the reason for the railway system?
100
What military conscription was introduced on January 1, 1874?
What is all sons had to serve in the military
100
New freedom and production of limited liability companies.
What is Changes made in the industry and commerce legislation.
100
Serfs, peasants, and Household serfs. Serfs were granted the full rights of free citizens, gaining the rights to marry without having to gain consent, to own property and to own a business. The Manifesto prescribed that peasants would be able to buy the land from the landlords. Household serfs were the worst affected as they only gained their freedom and no land.
Name the three groups of people the 1861 Emancipation Manifesto effected and what privileges they received.
200
Serfs were unhappy with the treatment from the upper classes, so they revolted.
What was the reason for nobility wanting reform?
200
what setting up a system of building of strategic railways,
What is military reserve?
200
What happened when the Russian government reorganized the military.
What is universal military conscription, and men from all estates were required to join the military.
200
capitalist
To the Soviet historians the Emancipation reform marked the end of the "feudal" regime and the start of the ______ era, which would last until 1917.
300
The need for elected assemblies on the district level. These assemblies would work on roads, do local construction, and aid in helping local welfare.
What is the reason for the Zemstvo Law?
300
what was it called to include a trial in open court, with judges appointed for life, a to deal with minor offences at local level.
What is a jury system and the creation of justices of the peace
300
The new judicial administration brought this into order.
What is a new penal code and revised system of criminal/civil procedure.
300
Expansion of the peasants. (The land was controlled by the peasant communes, which restricted the freedom of the peasants to experiment and expand. They could restrict their movement and administer punishment. Control by the landlord often was substituted by control by the commune. The lands that were given were in many cases less than the peasants could live on, and so they had to work for the landowner anyway to make ends meet, especially as they had to pay 49 years of ‘redemption payments’ for their land, far more than the land was worth.)
The peasant communes' control of the land restricted what?
400
A new legal form was needed and wanted by Alexander II. This form was adapted by the French System and meant to include open trials, a jury system, and a justice of the peace system.
What legal reform was put into place?
400
what instituted an elaborate scheme of local self-government for the rural districts
What is zemstvo
400
Alexander II's beauracracy initiated new self-governments for the lower classes and rural and large districts, and the elective assemblies did this.
What is elective assemblies possessed a more restricted form of taxation.
400
The lawyers. They enjoyed great freedom of speech in the courtroom, and as their words were reported in the papers, they became a major force voicing radical opinion, and often became revolutionaries, trained as they were in the art of persuasion - Lenin himself was a lawyer, a profession created by the 1864 reform.
Name a profession created by the 1864 Judicial reform and what freedoms came with it.
500
Children of all classes were not allowed to go to school under the rule of Nicholas I.
Why did tsar Alexander II feel the need to reform education.
500
A new penal code
What is civil and criminal procedure
500
A brand-new court system with different legal processes were established during this reform.
What is the judicial reform.
500
They replaced much of the role of the local landowner in the running of local government, replacing him with a system of an elected body, where the landowner had very great but not dominant representation.
Another popular reform brought in under Alexander II was the introduction of the Zemstva system of local government. Name the role this reform replaced and what it was replaced with.