Philip II
What country did Philip II unite?
Macedon
Was Greece to the north or to the south of Macedon?
South
What is an infantry soldier? A cavalry?
A fighter on foot and a fighter on horseback
Who was Alexander's tutor?
Aristotle
Which battle was a decisive victory that allowed Alexander lordship over Persia?
Battle of Gaugamela
What was Philip's cause of death?
Assassination by stabbing
Who were the two main cities fighting in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens and Sparta
What spear was used by the Macedonian infantry that was 21 ft long?
the Sarissa Spear
What was Alexander's goal after his fathers death?
To conquer Persia
Which battle was fought during the first stage of Alexander's invasion of Persia?
hint: mosaic
Battle of Issus
What military General did Philip look up to?
Epaminondas
What city rose to prominence after the Peloponnesian war? This city is where Philip II was held captive in his boyhood.
Thebes
What was the name of Alexander's close-knit cavalry group?
Companion Cavalry
Who saved Alexander's life at Granicus?
Clitus the Black
What was the name of Alexander's beloved horse?
Bucephalus
What was the name of Philip's first wife?
Olympias
What military formation did the Greeks and Macedonians use for infantry?
Phalanx formation
What general was the Left-Flank Cavalry officer for Alexander's Army?
Parmenion
How did Alexander die? What happened to his body?
He had a fever for days and then died. No one knows what happened to his body.
What technologies did the Persians use in their warfare? What were their weaknesses? Provide 3 examples.
Scythed Chariots; slow and can injure friendly troops.
War elephants; difficult to control, can injure friendly troops.
Slaves as soldiers; poorly trained troops are easily routed and overwhelmed.
What were the 3 goals of Philip II?
1) Unite Macedon
2) Unite Greece with Macedon
3) Conquer the Persian Empire
Why was Greece able to be conquered by the Macedonians?
The Peloponnesian War weakened the city-states so drastically that they could not defend themselves properly.
Describe the Theban Wedge. Why was it effective?
The Theban wedge was a triangular shaped battle formation. It was incredibly effective at overwhelming the enemy by piercing through a straight formation and then wedging itself toward the center.
Provide 3 details describing Alexander's deterioration of character after he had conquered the Persian Empire.
He begins to think of himself as higher than his men and his friends.
He murders Clitus the Black in a drunker quarrel.
What were the Diadochi Wars? How long did they last?
Wars between Alexander's Generals over portions of his kingdom. They lasted 40 years. The most notable victor of these wars was Ptolemy Soter who gained lordship over Egypt.