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personal daily care tasks, such as bathing, dressing, caring for teeth and nails, eating, drinking, walking, transferring, and elimination.
What is ADLs?
areas of the body where bone lies close to the skin.
What are bony prominences?
Name (3) pressure injury danger zones
What is...
ear
shoulder
hip
knees
ankles
collar bone
toes
elbows
sacrum
heels
NAs should know to not massage ________ , _______, or _________ areas?
what is white,red, or purple?
NAs should encourage residents to eat _____ ______ meals?
What is well-balanced?
bad breath.
what is halitosis?
injuries or wounds that result from skin deterioration and shearing; also called pressure ulcers, pressure sores, bed sores, or decubitus ulcers.
what is pressure injuries?
a weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that causes difficulty with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally
What is foot drop?
areas of the body that bear much of its weight.
what is pressure points?
NAs must report any ___________ a resident might express during personal care.
what is complaints?
a weakened side of the body from a stroke or injury; also called involved side.
what is affected side?
Name (2) things an NA should report if observed during foot care
what is ...
•Dry, flaking skin
•Non-intact or broken skin
•Discoloration of the feet
•Blisters
•Bruises
•Blood or drainage
•Long, ragged toenails
•Ingrown toenails
•Swelling
•Soft, fragile, or reddened heels
•Differences in temperature of the feet
stage this pressure injury
•There is partial-thickness skin loss involving the outer and/or inner layers of skin.
•The injury is pink or red and moist.
•It may look like a blister.
what is stage 2?
the inhalation of food, drink, or foreign material into the lungs.
what is aspiration?
stage this pressure injury
•There is full-thickness skin loss extending through all layers of the skin, tissue, muscle, bone, and other structures (such as tendons).
•It will look like a deep crater.
•Dead tissue may be visible.
What is stage 4?
Name (2) things NAs should provide in the evening
what is...
•Assisting with elimination
•Helping wash face and hands
•Giving a snack
•Assisting with mouth care
•Assisting with changing into nightclothes
•Giving a back rub
a device that helps support and align a limb and improve its functioning.
What is orthotic device?
Name (2) things NAs should provide in the morning
what is...
•Assisting with toileting
•Helping wash face and hands
•Assisting with hair care, dressing, and shaving
•Assisting with mouth care
Pressure injuries are painful and difficult to heal. They can lead to life-threatening infections. __________is very important and is the key to skin health.
What is prevention?
____________ is very important in the prevention of pressure injuries.
What is observation?
Stage this pressure injury
•Skin is intact but lighter skin may look red and darker skin may appear to be a different color than the surrounding area.
•Redness or discoloration is not relieved by removing pressure.
•Area may be swollen and painful and may have a different temperature or feel than the surrounding area.
what is stage 1?
Name (2) things NAs should report if observed during oral care
what is...
•Irritation
•Raised areas
•Coated or swollen tongue
•Ulcers
•Flaky, white spots
•Dry, cracked, bleeding, or chapped lips
•Loose, chipped, broken, or decayed teeth
•Swollen, irritated, bleeding, or whitish gums
•Bad or fruity breath
•Reports of mouth pain
Name (2) things NAs should do when caring for bed-bound residents who are at high risk for pressure injuries
what is...
•Keep bottom sheet tight and wrinkle-free.
•Avoid shearing.
•Place sheepskin, chamois skin, or bed pad under back and buttocks.
•Relieve pressure under bony prominences.
•Make bed or chair softer with flotation pads.
•Use bed cradle to keep top sheets from rubbing skin.
•Reposition residents seated in chairs or wheelchairs every 15 minutes if they cannot easily change positions themselves.
stage this pressure injury
•There is full-thickness skin loss in which fat is visible in the ulcer.
•Dead tissue may be present.
•The damage may extend down to, but not through, the tissue that covers muscle.
what is stage 3?
Pale, white, reddened, gray, or purple skin should be __________
what is reported?