Main Characters
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Ideologies
SEMESTER 1 REVIEW
100
Who is John Brown?
A radical abolitionist who was executed for his violent acts: raid on Harper's Ferry, Bleeding Kansas, etc.
100
What was the cotton gin and what was its role in the civil war?
Created by Eli Whitney in 1793, the cotton gin was an invention that made it easier to harvest cotton. This resulted in more slave labor since cotton was a cash crop and farmers wanted cheap labor. This led to future conflict over slavery.
100
What were the results of the caning of Charles Sumner?
The public act of violence on the Senate floor split the free vs. slave states more. Massachusetts reelected Sumner to their senate even though he was in Europe receiving critical medical care. The South followed suit by reelecting Brooks after he resigned. Both sides held their ground, refusing to compromise and back down.
100
What was Manifest Destiny?
The belief that Americans were destined to expand westward under the guidance of God. This ideology made Americans believe they had ultimate power and were above all else because it was their "destiny" which created many future conflicts over power and land.
100
What was the Colombian Exchange and how did it impact colonization?
It was a massive global exchange of living things (people, plants, animals, disease, etc.) between the East and West Hemispheres. This led to economic growth, killed of Native Americans (from disease) and cultural exchanges.
200
Who beat Charles Sumner with a cane?
Preston Brooks of South Carolina
200
What was the Missouri Compromise and what role did it play in the civil war?
The Missouri Compromise declared MO a slave state and added MA to the union as a free state for balance in the house and made any land above the 36-30 latitude line free territory. This led to unforeseen future conflicts over territories in the US.
200
What was Bleeding Kansas?
As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, people flooded into the Kansas territory, fighting for a majority vote of free or slave land. This led to violent uprisings and conflict to gain control over the territory.
200
What was popular sovereignty?
The idea that was later written into law by the Freeport Doctrine used the democratic principle that power comes from the people, therefore, the majority population of a state should be able to determine if the land is a free or slave state.
200
What was the Tariff of Abominations?
Named by the South, the Tariff of Abominations was a protective tariff placed to help the northern manufacturing companies. However, these tariffs raised the cost of imported foreign goods for the South. Henceforth, the tariff was named the Tariff of Abominations. This was one of the earlier instances of conflict arising between the South and the North.
300
Who was the runaway slave whose case was brought to the supreme court?
Dred Scott
300
What was the Seventh of March speech and why does it matter?
The Seventh of March speech was a speech by Daniel Webster urging sectional compromise on the issue of slavery. He warned Sourtherns that slavery could lead to war. This is important because it shows that the country was aware that their divide on the issue of slavery would lead to major conflicts, yet both sides were so set in their ways that it didn't matter.
300
What states seceded from the Union and why?
SC, MI, FL, AL, GA, LO, TX, VA, AK, TN, and NC succeeded from the United States to form the Confederation States of America because of the election of 1860 where Abraham Lincoln was elected. Lincoln didn't support the expansion of slavery which the South viewed as their final straw.
300
What's the difference between the 1860 Republican and Democratic parties?
The Republican party absorbed the Whigs and became more moderate in its stance on slavery. The party endorsed protective tariffs and internal improvements.
300
What was the Nullification Crisis?
The Nullification Crisis resulted from the Tariff of Abominations. South Carolina nullified (or ignored) the federal government's tariffs, deeming them unconstitutional. To get SC to comply, President Andrew Jackson threatened to use the federal military. Eventually, South Carolina backed down, but the incident highlighted tensions between states and federal rights.
400
Who was Uncle Tom and what was his cabin?
Uncle Tom's Cabin was a book published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Fictional account about the reality of slavery, showed the North the severity of plantation conditions.
400
What was the Ostend Manifesto and who was it supported by?
A secret document written in 1854 that outlined how the US should either purchase Cuba from Spain or declare war on Spain if refuted. The southern half of the US aimed to annex Cuba because it would allow the South to expand slavery.
400
What was the fugitive slave law?
Stemming from the Compromise of 1850, the fugitive slave law or the "Bloodhound" law stated any African American in the United States could be brought to the South for money under allegations that they were a runaway slave and denied rights to a fair trial. This resulted in the kidnapping of free northern African Americans, such as Solomon Northup.
400
What was the Free Soil Party?
The Free Soil Party was a third party focused on opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories of the United States. This party was a key part of the 1860 election because they cultivated votes that took away votes from the democratic party, securing Licolon's presidency.
400
What was the Corrupt Bargain of 1824?
In the election of 1824, then Speaker of the House Henry Clay used his status to get John Quincy Adams elected president over his opponent, Andrew Jackson. In return, Quincy Adams appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State. Jackson accused Clay and Adam's deal of being corrupt since he won the most popular and electoral votes (but didn't win the majority).
500
Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Stephen A. Douglas
500
What was the Lecomptin Constitution and why does it matter?
Proposed by Stephen Douglass, a pro-slavery document that if approved would've allowed slavery in the state of Kansas. It never went into effect but it's a good example of the disputes over the Kansas territory and how it resulted in violence.
500
What was John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, VA?
John Brown and a group of abolitionists seized prominent figures from Harper Ferry and stole from the federal armory and arsenal. As a result, Brown was captured, tried, and sentenced to death for treason, murder, and slave intersection.
500
Describe how this image shows the power of land.
This is a cartoon of the Lincoln-Douglas debates demonstrating the separation of the northern and southern halves of the country. The image also shows the importance of land and the power it holds, showing how land disputes divide and polarize people.
500
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848?
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848 ended the Mexican-American war. The agreement that stated Mexico would surrender 55% of its land to the US in exchange for $15 million.