All About Statistics!

The __________ assess whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other.

t-test

What characteristics define the relationship between variables in a correlation test?

direction, form and strength of the relationship

eye color, gender, disease status and college major are all examples of this type of variable.

categorical

This is the type of data you need for linear regression

What is continuous?

Judy wants to estimate the internal consistency of her survey on which the respondent marks (1) Not at all, (2) Sometimes, (3) Most of the time, or (4) Always. What test is the most appropriate for her to use?

reliability - McDonald's omega

The proportion of variance in the outcome accounted for by the predictor variable/s.

R²

What is the difference between Chi square's goodness-of-fit test and test of independence?

Goodness of fit is used to test whether the frequency distribution of a categorical variable is different from your expectations. The chi square test of independence is used to test whether two categorical variables are related to each other.

Pearson's correlation coefficient has a range between these values.

-1 to +1

Used to determine if equal variance is assumed between groups in the independent variable

Levene's test of homogeneity of variance

When a researcher identifies there is no statistically significant difference between two variables or groups when in fact one exists. Also know as erroneously failing to reject the null hypothesis, this type of error has occured.

Type II error.

In a one-way ANOVA, statistical significance is tested for by comparing the _________ statistic.

To compare a sample mean to a population mean but you don't know the population standard deviation you would use this analysis.

one-sample t

What are the assumptions of paired samples t test?

What is independence, normality of the differences between groups, no extreme outliers, and dependent variable should be continuous.

Researchers were studying if there was a difference in ACT scores for the graduating class of 2024 in Winnebago county for males compared to females. What analysis would you run?

Independent t test

If a researcher identifies a statistically significant difference between two variables or groups when in fact there is no difference. Also know as erroneously rejecting the null hypothesis, this type of error has occured.

Type I error

Chi square tests use this type of data.

categorical/nominal

What symbols are used for the following analyses?

correlation

ANOVA

effect size

reliability

r or r_s, F, d, r², n², np², omega (w)

Name and describe the types of t tests we learned about in this class.

one-sample t

independent t

paired samples t

The name of this test allows us to determine which groups or which time points actually have a difference between them in a repeated measures ANOVA.

Post-hoc (Tukey)

To determine if there is a practical difference in a result, a researcher might report this.

Effect size

When all tasks or treatments are given to all participants, this kind of analysis would be conducted.

repeated measures ANOVA

What is the formula for linear regression?

Y (hat) = bX + a

You were curious whether people of a certain race are more likely to be religious. You sample 100 people record their race and whether they practice a religion (yes vs. no). Which statistical test would you use to examine this relationship?

Chi-square test of independence

The line that lies as close as possible to all the data points is this.

best-fitting line

The following are true for what kind of statistical assumption?

- It is unimodal

- It is symmetrical

- it is continuous

- it is asymptotic

Normal distribution