DNA Basics
What does “DNA” stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The name of the bond that holds base pairs together.
Weak Hydrogen Bond
Match the following DNA sequence with its corresponding base pair:
TCAAGT
AGTTCA
Any change from the original DNA sequence during the replication process
Mutation
A cell or group of cells that are not controlled by cell division and grow rapidly.
Cancer
What is the scientific name of DNA’s 3-dimensional shape?
Double Helix
A codon within an RNA sequence helps to identify the type of ___________ that is produced.
Amino Acid
Transcript the following DNA sequence to RNA:
CTATTG
GAUAAC
Name of the process that converts DNA to RNA.
Transcription
Process that produces living organisms with desirable traits for domestic use and consumption.
Selective Breeding
DNA is made of which of the following molecules: (A) carbohydrate, (B) lipid, (C) protein, (D) nucleic acid?
D - Nucleic Acid
Chains of amino acids make up this substance.
Proteins
This amino acid is known to start most protein chains, given by codon "AUG"
MET
Name of the process that converts RNA to a protein.
Translation
Process in which humans use technology to alter the normal genetic information of an organism
Genetic Engineering
DNA is made of smaller units, or building blocks called…
Nucleotides
The site of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
The FULL names of each nitrogenous base.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Part of the DNA sequence that gives instructions to the cell and provides unique characteristics.
Gene
Small-scale mutations occur within a ________. Large-scale mutations occur to the _________.
gene; chromosome/DNA structure
Nucleotides are made of 3 components called…
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous Base
This is a type of protein with many functions: “unzips” the DNA structure, replicates DNA sequences, considered a “biological catalyst,” etc.
Enzyme
Three types of RNA named in correct order: (A) carries genetic information outside of the nucleus, (B) carries amino acids to the ribosome, (C) links amino acids together to create the protein
(A) mRNA, (B) tRNA, (C) rRNA
Holds genetic information in coils of DNA
Chromosome
Provide a real world example of genetic engineering and its benefit.
Meat, Produce, Proteins, Vaccines, etc.