Anatomy/Embryology
Arises from the 4th pharyngeal pouch
What are the superior parathyroids?
Test for differentiating between primary hyperpara and FHH
What is 24-Hr Urine Calcium?
The meaning of 4D in 4DCT
This gland is anteromedial to the RLN
What is the inferior parathyroid gland?
Common saying for remembering symptoms of hypercalcemia
What is Stones, bones, groans, moans?
What are the Inferior Parathyroids and Thymus?
The half-life of PTH
What is 2-4 minutes?
Does not require radiation for imaging. Also essential for evaluating the thyroid preop
What is ultrasound?
Approx Percentage that the Inferior gland is within 1 cm of the inferior thyroid
What is 70-80%?
Gland that is easier to access from a lateral approach. (Bonus is you can name the surgeon who uses this)
The superior gland
Typical Weight of a parathyroid gland
35-40mg
Lab that is elevated in paraneoplastic syndrome causing hypercalcemia
Takes up sestamibi
What is the mitochondria?
Define the Miami or Vienna Criterion (most commonly used metrics for intraop PTH)
What is a 50% decline from the highest baseline or pre-incision value at 10 minutes post excision?
MEN that is most associated with multi gland hyperpara
What is MEN 1?
Most common area of ectopic inferior gland
What is the Anterior Mediastinum?
Effect of elevated PTH on Serum Phosphate
What is decreased?
The 4DCT phase where a parathyroid adenoma is most prominent
What is arterial?
Technique Used to Differentiate Which Side the Adenoma May be on when difficult to find
Gene associated with mutation in MEN 2a
A retropharyngeal gland is a superior or inferior gland?
What is a superior gland?
Commonly elevated in sarcoidosis and can lead to hypercalcemia
What is Vitamin 1,25 D lab level?
Injected along with technicium in a dual phase
What is pertechnetate or I-123? Either answer is correct
The PTH level cutoff post op indicating a 99% chance of cure
What is 40?
Mechanism of action of sensipar
What is increases the sensitivity of the calcium sensing receptor to extracellular calcium?