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This is the term given to the study of metabolic processes that yield or consume energy
What is bioenergetics
This is the form of carbohydrate stored in the body found predominantly in the muscles and liver
What is glycogen
This is a primary neurotransmitter that transmits impulses across the synaptic cleft
What is acetylcholine
This is the compound that forms the common entry point into the Krebs cycle for the oxidation of carbohydrate and fat
What is Acetyl CoA (acetyl coenzyme)
This is a high-energy phosphate compound from which the body derives its energy
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
This is an enzyme that splits the last phosphate group off ATP, releasing a large amount of energy and reducing ATP -> ADP + Pi
What is ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase)
This is the short-term anaerobic energy system that involves the breakdown of phosphocreatine into Pi to combine with ADP to form ATP
What is ATP-PCR/phosphagen system
This is the enzyme that facilitates the breakdown of PCr to creatine and Pi
What is creatine kinase (CK)
This model describes the exercise intensity where fuel usage shifts from primarily fat to carbohydrate. As intensity increases, fat oxidation decreases while carbohydrate oxidation rises.
What is the crossover concept
A method that gauges the body's rate and quantity of energy production by direct measurement of the body's heat production
What is direct calorimetry
What is electron transport chain
This is the conversion of protein or fat into glucose
What is gluconeogenesis
This is the conversion of glycogen to glucose
What is glycogenolysis
This is the process where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid
What is glycolysis
This is a six-carbon sugar that is the primary form of carbohydrate used for metabolism
What is glucose
This concept is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
What is homeostasis
This is the process of converting protein into fatty acids
What is lipogenesis
This is the process of breaking down triglyceride into its basic units to be used for energy
What is lipolysis
A series of chemical reactions involving complete oxidation of Acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP along with Hydrogen and Carbon.
These are cellular organelles that generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
A key rate-limiting enzyme of the anaerobic glycolytic energy system
What is phosphofructokinase
The body's most concentrated energy source and the form in which most fats are stored in the body
What is triglyceride
This is the enzyme that breaks down triglycerides to FFAs and glycerol, allowing FFAs to enter the cells for use as fuel or for storage
What is lipoprotein lipase
A series of iron-containing proteins that facilitate the transport of electrons within the electron transport chain
What is cytochrome