Articulation / Phono
A systematic, rule-based simplification that young children use to make adult speech easier to produce while learning to talk
What is a phonological process or pattern?
The structure of words and how grammatical units (morphemes like -ed, -s, un- ) alter word meaning.
What is morphology?
System of principles, techniques, and dosage (frequency & duration of sessions). For example, "Cycles," "Enhanced Milieu Teaching"
What is a therapy / treatment approach?
Documentation of the case history, the client/caregiver interview, the different types of assessment measures you will use, plus how long each takes, and the rationale for each, with sources cited
What's an assessment plan?
The triad of best evidence, clinician expertise, and client/family values
What is Evidence Based Practice (EBP)?
Initial Consonant Deletion, Backing, Glottal Replacement, and Interdentalization or Lateralization
What are examples of Atypical (non-developmental) phonological processes?
The vocabulary system, word meanings, and relationships between words.
What is semantics?
Documentation including Specific Goal or Objective per session, Rationale, Materials, and Data you plan to collect
What is a Lesson Plan?
An assessment tool that does not use normative data and yet uses a checklist or similar format for certain criteria you would want to look for, given the suspected diagnosis.
What is a criterion-referenced test/measure?
A research design that follows participants over time, usually years.
What is a longitudinal study?
Rotates through treating phonological patterns in 5- to 16-week blocks for highly unintelligible clients with multiple omissions.
What is the Cycles Approach?
The age that most children put two or more words together—like "more water" or "go outside"?
What is 19 - 24 months? or
What is a two-year old?
Documentation CSUMB requires including Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan with a Resources/References/Rationale section
What is a SOAP-R?
Test, teach, re-test; determining Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
What is Dynamic Assessment?
Type of research question: "In minimally verbal school-aged children with autism (P), does a high-tech speech-generating device (I) compared to a low-tech picture exchange system (PECS) (C) lead to a greater increase in spontaneous multi-word requests (O)?
What is a PICO question?
Step 1: Sound in Isolation or in Syllables; Step 2: Words: Sounds across I,M,F word positions; Step 3: Phrases & Sentences --> Spontaneous
What are the steps for a traditional articulation therapy hierarchy approach?
7.5% of the general population or about two children in every classroom of 30 has this disorder.
What is Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?
A specific, direct request that leads the client to the correct response (e.g., hand-over-hand assistance on an AAC device; "I think this is a bus. What is this?")
What is prompting?
Child says wed for red on the GFTA. Clinician is assessing and tries "Say it after me, 'red'" and records if there was any change (wed or /r/ approximation).
What is stimulability testing?
Clinician A finds comparable data to Clinician B when the same portion of the session is listened to. Clinician A agrees with herself when she re-listens to that session.
What is reliability?
This sound has allophonic variance, hidden tongue positioning, and requires lateral tongue bracing against the molars.
What is /r/?
A younger child with DLD is statistically more likely to have problems with this area by school-age?
What is literacy?
An indirect hint to the client so that you can determine if this addition (visual, auditory, tactile) helps them respond accurately (e.g., repeating instructions, "rhymes with Gus, it's a school b...")
What is cueing?
Documenting the client's independent responses or behaviors before you begin a treatment approach; otherwise known as "getting a true _____"
What's a baseline?
A clinician agrees with another clinician on the data, but she questions if the data really measure the key outcome that she wishes to evaluate.
What is validity (or a problem with validity)?