Phonological and Phonemic Awareness
The smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words.
What is a phoneme?
Teaching this, improves comprehension.
What is vocabulary?
Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word. Teacher: What word is /b/ /i/ /g/? Children: /b/ /i/ /g/ is big.
What is phoneme blending?
When a short word (or syllable) with one vowel letter ends in a consonant, the vowel sound is usually short. Word patterns that follow this rule are:
What are closed syllables?
Information that is stated explicitly in the text such as who, what, when, where, why.
The smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word.
What is a grapheme?
A strategy that visually displays the relationship among words and helps to categorize them.
What is semantic mapping?
Children break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap out or count it. Then they write and read the word. Teacher: How many sounds are in grab? Children: /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. Four sounds.
What is phoneme segmentation?
When a word or a syllable has only one vowel and it comes at the end of the word or syllable, it usually creates the long vowel sound.
What is an open syllable?
Information that is implied within the text, but not directly or explicitly stated. The reader needs to “search and find” clues within the text and then read between the lines.
What is inferential?
The understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (sounds of spoken language) and graphemes (the letters and spellings that represent those sounds in written language).
What is phonics?
Visual “maps” or diagrams that help the reader organize the information they read. A story map is one type of graphic organizer. It allows the reader to organize the elements of a story (characters, setting, events, problem, solution).
What are graphic organizers?
When children work with phonemes in words, they are manipulating the phonemes. Types of phoneme manipulation include blending phonemes to make words, segmenting words into phonemes, deleting phonemes from words, adding phonemes to words, or substituting one phoneme for another to make a new word.
What is phoneme manipulation?
Hotdog and shoelace are examples of...
What are compound words?
The reader needs to use information from the text and their own world experiences to form a judgment.
What is evaluative?
The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds – phonemes – in spoken words. This is purely an auditory skill and does NOT involve a connection to the written form of language
What is phonemic awareness?
These are strategies that help the reader become more aware of their own reading process, their thoughts as they read, and help the reader to have more control over their reading (e.g. noticing when comprehension breaks down and using “fix-up” strategies, such as rereading or paraphrasing, to comprehend).
What are metacognitive strategies?
Children recognize individual sounds in a word. Teacher: What is the first sound in van? Children: The first sound in van is /v/.
What is phoneme isolation?
An unstressed vowel sound, such as the first sound in “around” and the last vowel sound in “custom”.
What is the schwa sound?
Predicting, activating background knowledge, picture walk, noticing text structure, forming purpose for reading
What are pre-reading activities?
Parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. An onset is the initial consonant sound of a syllable; a rime is the part of a syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it.
What is onset and rime?
An important strategy to use before, during and after reading to enhance interest and comprehension.
What is asking questions?
Phoneme categorization Children recognize the word in a set of three or four words that has the “odd” sound. Teacher: What word doesn’t belong? Bus, Bun, Rug.
What is phoneme categorization?
Affixes added to the end of words to indicate number (ox/oxen, bush/bushes) or tense (playing, played, plays)
What are inflectional endings?
The reader maintains and monitors a plan of action by connecting new texts with prior knowledge and experiences, checking predictions for accuracy, forming sensory images, making inferences, determining key vocabulary
What are "during reading" activities?