Skeletal System (Unit 1)
How many types of bone are there?
True or False:
Tendons do not connect bone to bone.
True
Provide one example of a Laceration Injury.
Any response that details when the skin or even muscle is cut by an external object. May also be caused by friction between two surfaces rubbing together.
6 8 9 5 9 9
6 + 8 + 9 + 5 + 9 + 9 = 46
46/6 = 7.6 or rounded up to a whole number 8
What is the main function of synovial fluid?
The main function of synovial fluid is to lubricate joints, reducing friction, and making smoother movement of joints.
Define Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage is a layer on the ends of long bones, on the two epiphyses. This layer reduces friction and absorbs shock.
Describe two main functions of Muscle.
As long as there are two of the follow you are correct.
Joint movement: Skeletal muscles contract -> exert forces on tendons -> pull on bones -> joint movement.
Substance Movement through the body: Movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract and muscle in the heart pumping blood through contraction.
Stabilization and maintaining of posture: Muscles must be active even if there does not seem to be any movement. Contracts postural muscles for body positions.
Production of Body Heat: Body heat is generated 85% by muscle.
Describe what Internal Risk factors are and provide one example.
Internal risk factors are factors relating to the person exercising or participating in the sport. Some example could be age or training level.
What percentage of the data set is within one standard deviation?
68%
What is the formula to determine the magnitude of risk?
Distinguish between the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton. (3 marks)
Answers only need three of each.
Axial: Supports the head, provides protection for vital organs, transmits weight from the body to the legs, provides attachment points for ribs and back muscles, Ex: Cranium, Vertebral Column, Thoracic Cage, Sternum
Appendicular Skeleton: Main function is locomotion, Provides muscle attachment for limbs, Ex: humerus , mostly composed of Long bones.
Distinguish between Atrophy and Hypertrophy. (1 mark)
Atrophy: The loss of muscle size/mass
Hypertrophy: the increase in muscle size/mass
What does the POLICE Injury Treatment acronym stand for?
Protection
Optimal loading
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Define and provide an example of the Accuracy in study design.
Definition - the degree to which the test actually measures what it claims to measure and the extent to which conclusions and decisions made on the basis of test scores are appropriate and meaningful.
Ex: Any thing that is making sure that equipment is being used correctly to ensure accuracy possible could be: the calibration of a scale.
What conclusion could be made when a data set has a high standard deviation?
It would likely mean that the data points are further apart from each other.
Describe the function and location of the marrow cavity.
The Marrow cavity is located in the middle of the Diaphysis (shaft of the long bone) and contains yellow bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is responsible for storing fat.
Describe Reciprocal Inhibition, Agonist, and Antagonist.
Agonists: The muscles doing the work (contracting) and creating movement.
Antagonist: The muscles that is relaxing to allow the movement to take place.
Reciprocal inhibition: When one muscle contracts, it sends an inhibitory nerve impulse to its opposing muscle causing it to relax
Outline and provide an example of three separate Interventions related to Injury.
Correct if three of the following are provided:
Protective Equipment: Protective equipment is any type of clothing or gear that protects a person from injury. Ex: Helmets, pads, knee pads, and others
Rule Changes: Rule changes are any changes made to the rules/regulations of a sport to decrease the risk of injury. Ex: any real example of a rule change leading to a reduction of injury like Junior Ice Hockey: body checking ban; resulted in a 50% reduction in injury rate and a 64% reduction in concussion rates.
Prehabilitation: Prehabilitation refers to interventions that aim to best prepare athletes for exercise, training and competition while also preventing injury. Ex: any that make sense some possible being, "The 11" warm-up program.
Scaling Sporting Equipment: Scaling sporting equipment means adjusting equipment used to match physical development by taking into account the participants size, height and strength. Ex: things that make sense like smaller rackets for smaller children in tennis.
Say that a data sets correlation is 0.9, what type of correlation is it?
High Positive Correlation
Name and provide an example for all of the different types of synovial joints. (6 marks)
Ball-and-Socket Joint, Ex: Hip, Shoulder
Hinge Joint, Ex: Elbow, Knee
Condyloid Joint, Ex: Wrist, Knuckles
Saddle Joint, Ex: Carpometacarpal joint aka the joint of the thumb
Gliding Joint, Ex: intercarpal and intertarsal joints