CVS
What is the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulations
1.Systemic (Between the body and the heart)
2.Pulmonary (between the lungs and the heart)
Name two functions of the respiratory system?
Inspiration and Expiration
Gaseous Exchange
Cardiac: Involuntary
Skeletal: Voluntary
Smooth: Involuntary
Support
Protection
Mineral Storage
Movement
RBC production
What are the two divisions of the nervous system and what are they comprised of
CNS: Brain and Vertebrae
PNS: Autonomic and Peripheral
What is the difference between coronary arteries and veins and pulmonary arteries and veins.
Coronary Veins: Transport deoxygenated blood away from the myocardium, towards the right atrium to remove waste
Coronary Arteries: Oxygenated blood to the myocardium, from the aorta to supply it with nutrients.
Pulmonary Arteries: Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary Veins: Oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
Name the components of the upper respiratory tract
Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx and Larynx
Name the muscles in the hamstring?
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
Axial: Skull, Vertebrae and ribs
Appendicular: Upper and Lower Extermities
Name the two divisions of the Peripheral NS?
Somatic
Autonomic
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Explain the process of gaseous exchange?
The oxygen you breathe in diffuses through the alveoli into the capillaries into the blood.
The carbon dioxide you breathe out is diffused from the capillaries to the alveoli, up the bronchial tree and out of the mouth
What is the difference between an agonist and antagonist muscle? Give an example
A agonist is the primary muscle involved in creating specific movement (contracting). An Antagonist opposes the action of the agonist (relaxing). Bicep Curl (Bicep- Agonist) (Tricep- Antagonist)
Name the parts of the vertebrae?
Cute Tiny Llamas Sing Constantly
Cervical (C1- C7)
Thoracic (C1-C12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacrum (S1-S5)
Coccyx: 4 fused bones
Name the two types of reflexes?
Autonomic
Somatic
Name two functions of the heart?
Thermoregulation
Protection
Elimination of toxin from the body
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration
Inspiration: Contracts and flattens
Expiration: Relaxes and becomes dome shaped
What is the difference between strains and sprains
Strain: Overstretch of a ligament
Strain: Overstretch of a tendon
Name the two types of bones?
Compact: Hard and Dense
Cancellous/ Trabecular: Soft and less dense
List the four lobes of the brain?
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Frontal
A patient records a blood pressure of 180/90
What are they experiencing?
What does this mean?
How to maintain this?
Hypertension/ HBP
Pressure exerted on the walls during contraction and relaxation
Regular Exercise
Explain how the respiratory system helps maintain homeostasis when blood carbon dioxide levels increase during exercise.
When we exercise, our muscles make more carbon dioxide (CO₂).
This builds up in the blood and can make it too acidic.
The body needs to fix this to stay in balance (homeostasis).
Chemoreceptors in the body notice the extra CO₂ and send messages to the brain stem. The brain then tells the lungs to breathe faster and deeper.
This helps remove the extra CO₂ from the blood.
As a result, the level of CO₂ goes back to normal, and the body stays in balance.
Name two ways to maintain a health muscular system?
Regular exercise
Balanced Diet
Adequate sleep
Name the 5 types of bones
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Short
Long
Name two functions of a neuron?
- Ability to respond to a stimuli and convert it into a nerve impulse
- Ability to transmit the impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands