Section 1
What did Samuel Slater do?
He was a disguised as a farmer who was a skilled British mechanic, and who claimed that he could improve the way textiles were manufactured in the U.S.
What was the difference between a steam-powered factory and a water-powered factory?
A water-power factory had to be built by a nearby stream or waterfall. A steam-powered factory could be built almost anywhere.
Who is Richard Arkwright?
Invented a large spinning machine called a water frame.
What was the Gibbons vs. Ogden case about?
The court reinforced the federal government's authority to regulate trade between the states by ending monopolistic control over waterways in several states.
Why did girl wanted to work at a factory instead on their families job?
Girls wanted the chance to earn money instead of the hard labor they would have on their families farm.
What was the idea of interchangeable parts?
parts of a machine that are identical.
Why was John Deere important to farmers?
Some farmer had difficulty plowing thick soil with iron plows. John thought a steel plow would be better. So he designed a steel and was success. By 1846 Deere was selling 1,000 plow each year.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Was a period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s.
Why was the steamboat more efficient then wood boats?
The steamboat could move upriver and did not rely on wind power. It also increased trade and profits because goods could be moved quicker and the cost was cheap.
What were some of the bad conditions that the workers had to experience?
They had bad breathing problems because the windows had to be closed. Girls had to shout because of how much the noise was from the machines. Girls had to keep their hair tied up so they wouldn't get their hair caught. Some of the jobs they had to do had to deal with cuts on their hands.
Why was British manufacturers better than American manufacturers?
British workers had technical skills, that could produce large amounts of goods less expensively than American business did.
What was the importance of the icebox?
The icebox stored fresh food safely for longer periods.
What was the Rhode Island system?
It was Slater's strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks.
Why was Robert Fulton important?
He created the first full-size commercial steamboat called the Clermont.
What was the main reason people wanted to strike?
Workers believed that the highest cost of the union employees prevented competition with other manufacturers.
What did the water frame helped of with?
The water frame helped by using flowing water into a source of power.
Why was the mass production helpful?
This allowed many families to buy household items like a clock that they could not afford in the past.
Who is Peter Cooper?
He built a smaller but powerful locomotive called the Tom Thumb.
What started the conflicted between Gibbons and Ogden?
The increased steamboat shipping led to conflict over waterway rights.
What was Lowell system?
this was based on water-powered textile mills that employed young unmarried women from local farms. The system included a loom that could both spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill.
What was the big problem of the world war 1812?
Since the 1790s, wars between European powers had interfered with U.S. trade. American customers were no longer able to get all the manufactured goods they were used to buying from British and European manufacturers.
What were the positive and negative of the factory?
Factories made working easier and faster. The bad thing was that working hours were long and people wanted to get paid more.
What was the Morse Code?
It was a different combination of dots and dashes that represent each letter of the alphabet and numbers.
What were two improvements in transportation and what was it good for?
The steamboat and the steamboat powered train helped enabled goods, people, and information to travel rapidly and efficiently across the United States.
Why was Sarah Bagley important?
She was elected vice president of the New England Working Men's Association. She also was the first woman to hold such a high-ranking position in the American labor movement.