Show:
General Background
Demographics
Famous People Effected
TGF-Beta
Amino Acid Biomarkers
100
ALS stands for
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
100
Percentage of ALS cases that are familial
What is 5-10%
100
Sport that Lou Gehrig played
What is Baseball
100
TGF-B stands for
What is transforming growth factor beta Discussion: What were the researchers in the article trying to determine?
100
University where the research was conducted
What is Wayne State University Discussion: How does funding affect research, or specific focuses of research
200
What type of neurons are affected specifically
What is upper and lower motor neurons
200
Typical age range of disease onset
What is 50-65 years
200
Mary Valastsro Pinto, mother of Buddy Valastro, has been recognized in this reality TV show
What is Cake Boss
200
T/F: TGF-B 1,2, and 3 mRNAs were elevated in patients with ALS while the protein levels for TGF-B 2 and 3 showed no increase.
What is false Discussion: Both mRNAs and protein were elevated in the ALS mouse model, but only TGF-B 1 showed an increase with each age group increment Question: What was seen in protein levels in TGF-B 2 and 3, and why do you think this occured?
200
Goal of this research
What is finding amino acids for biomarkers in the SOD-1 mouse model Discussion: What set this article apart from previous research on amino acid biomarkers?
300
ALS first described in this year
What is 1869
300
Incidence of ALS
What is 1/100000
300
Longest recorded time suffering from ALS
Who is Stephen Hawking
300
Three experimental techniques used in this article to obtain results
What is Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR Bonus: Describe what these tests are used to accomplish
300
This amino acid alone is the most capable of distinguishing between wild-type and SOD-1 mice
What is cysteine Discussion: What is the impact of this finding?
400
This person was the first to describe ALS
Who is Jean-Martin Charcot
400
Three factors that play a role in ALS development
What is Physical activity, diet, chemicals/metals, smoking, radiation
400
Emmy Award winning writer, director, and producer of Sesame Street
Who is Jon Stone
400
Control for qRT-PCR
What is GAPDH Discussion: what other types of controls were in this study, and how did they results differ between the controls
400
This hormone is thought to have protective effects in ALS patients
What is estrogens Discussion: Does this or would this contribute to gender differences in ALS patients.
500
This species of plant has been associated with 50-100 times higher incidences of ALS rate
What is Cycas micronesica
500
This part of the body is least likely to display the first signs of ALS onset
What is trunk/respiratory organs
500
Dwight Clark, former NFL wide receiver who made "The Catch" during the 1981 NFC playoffs played for this team
What is the San Francisco 49'ers
500
Smad is an acronym for
What is similar to mothers against decapentaplegic Discussion: What are these proteins and what is their function
500
Three processes that may be affected by ALS and was reflected through amino acid concentrations
What is the urea cycle, neuron excitation, and methylation and the related transsulfuration pathway Discussion:How does this reflect our current understanding of possible causes for ALS?