Neuro Assessment
What does the acronym PERRLA stand for in a neurological exam?
Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure?
5 to 15 mm Hg.
What are the three main areas of the brain where tumors can occur?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
What does “Time is Brain” mean in stroke care?
Immediate treatment is critical to prevent brain damage.
What is the difference between a seizure and epilepsy?
A seizure is a single event; epilepsy is a chronic condition with recurring seizures.
What test is used to assess balance and coordination in a neuro exam?
The Romberg test.
What is the earliest sign of increased ICP?
Change in level of consciousness (LOC).
What is the most common symptom of spinal cord compression?
Dull aching back pain, especially at night.
What are the two main types of strokes?
Ischemic and hemorrhagic.
What type of seizure involves both cerebral hemispheres and includes tonic and clonic phases?
Tonic-clonic seizure.
Which part of the health history includes questions about alcohol and drug use?
Social history.
What is Cushing’s Triad or Cushing's Reflex?
Bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea.
What are the three types of spinal cord tumors?
Intramedullary, intradural-extramedullary, and extradural.
What is a TIA commonly referred to as?
A “mini-stroke.”
What is status epilepticus?
Continuous seizure activity lasting more than 5 minutes or multiple seizures without recovery.
What does LOC stand for, and why is it important in neuro assessment?
Level of Consciousness; it helps determine the patient's awareness and responsiveness.
According to the Monro-Kellie Doctrine, what happens if one cranial component increases?
Another component must decrease to maintain pressure.
What complication can brain tumors cause due to excess ADH?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
Name two modifiable risk factors for stroke.
Hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, etc.
Name two common triggers for seizures.
Stress, flashing lights, fatigue, alcohol, etc.
Name three reflexes assessed during a neuro exam.
Deep tendon reflexes (DTRs), plantar reflex, Babinski reflex.
Name one type of ICP monitoring device.
Intraventricular catheter (ventriculostomy).
What diagnostic tool is most commonly used to detect spinal cord compression?
MRI.
What is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke within a 3-hour window?
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
What are the primary nursing actions during a seizure?
Maintain airway and protect the patient from injury.