Crunch the Numbers
In 1974, about 1.7 million students received out-of-school suspensions. By 2006, this number had nearly doubled to this amount.
What is 3.3 million?
Instead of removing students from classrooms, schools are encouraged to use what type of discipline approach that keeps students engaged and learning.
What is alternative discipline?
SEL stands for this.
What is Social and Emotional Learning?
The acronym PBIS stands for this
What is Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports?
What is the main goal of Restorative Justice?
What is an alternative discipline approach that focuses on repairing harm rather than punishing behavior
In one large Texas study, approximately this percentage of students experienced at least one exclusionary discipline incident in middle or high school.
What is 59.6 percent?
The authors argue that exclusionary discipline harms learning by increasing dropout rates AND this other social consequence.
What is juvenile justice involvement?
One of SEL’s five core competencies, this skill helps students recognize their own emotions and values
What is self-awareness?
PBIS uses a tiered system with how many levels of support.
What is three?
At Ed White Middle School, staff say they _____ when a conflict occurs which includes bringing together students and teachers in dialogue circles
What is “circle it”?
In one large Texas study, nearly what percentage of students had more than ten disciplinary incidents and failed to graduate.
What is 60 percent?
These three models — Restorative Justice, PBIS, and SEL — all aim to improve behavior by doing this instead of punishing.
What is addressing the root causes of misbehavior?
Austin Independent School District saw a 28% drop in disciplinary referrals among at-risk freshmen after combining SEL with these TWO supports.
What are tutoring and study skills programs?
Tier 1 in PBIS focuses on establishing and teaching what type of expectations across the entire school
What are clear behavioral expectations?
Restorative circles typically include these THREE groups as participants
What are the person who caused harm, the person harmed, and community members?
At Ed White Middle School in San Antonio, restorative practices led to a suspension rate drop of what percentage within two years.
What is 84 percent?
The article suggests that alternative discipline is not about tolerating bad behavior but about doing what instead.
What is responding constructively and restoratively?
SEL helps reduce misbehavior and improve academics by directly teaching students these TWO kinds of skills.
What are emotional regulation and interpersonal skills?
Schools in Florida implementing PBIS saw not just discipline improvements but also gains in what TWO areas of student success
What are attendance and academic outcomes?
One major benefit of restorative justice mentioned in the article is the improvement of what intangible but essential school quality
What is school climate (or community trust)?
How much did disciplinary incident referall rates drop in one Florida PBIS project after just one year of implementation?
What is 15 percent decrease?
Implementing alternative discipline can initially take more time and resources, but schools benefit later in these two key ways.
What are improved student outcomes and stronger school climate?
Research cited in the article found that students who received SEL instruction also showed gains in these TWO non-behavioral areas.
What are academic achievement and school climate?
According to the article, schools that were “high implementers” of PBIS had what percentage of fewer in-school suspensions compared to “low implementers.”
What is 38 percent fewer?
In restorative justice, students are asked to take these three steps: acknowledge harm, make amends, and do what final act
What is restore relationships?