What type of source am I?
United States v. Smith, 740 F.3d 710 (4th Cir. 2018).
Primary or Secondary? Type? Author?
Primary or Secondary? Primary
Type: Federal Circuit Case
Author: 4th Circuit
Columbia Broadcasting System, petitioner, versus The Democratic National Committee, respondent
[Hint: Columbia Broadcasting System is the television network CBS and is commonly referred to by its initials.]
CBS v. Democratic Nat'l Comm.
The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
U.S. Const. amend. V.
Department
Dept.
In the immediately preceding sentence of a legal memorandum, without an intervening cite, you cited to Browns v. Steelers, 473 U.S. 614 (2020). You now wish to cite to page 616 of the case.
Id. at 616.
48 U.S.C. § 6934 (2014).
Primary or Secondary? Type? Author?
Primary or Secondary? Primary
Type: Federal Statute
Author: United States Legislature
Tex Smith d/b/a The Harmonica Man versus Arthur Godfrey, et al.
Smith v. Godfrey
Section 3503.06 of Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated, published by West in 2019.
Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3503.06 (West 2019).
Associate
Assoc.
You are writing a legal memo for the senior partner at your firm, Charles Oldfield. You really like the exact language from the case and would like to directly quote it. The section you would like to quote has 55 words exactly. What should you do?
Put it in a block quotation format.
Superman v. Batman, 111 N.W.3d 236, 243 (Ohio 1914).
Primary or Secondary? Type? Author?
Primary or Secondary? Primary
Type: State Court Case
Author: Ohio Supreme Court
George Hawkins versus Edward R. B. McGee, a case from the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, decided June 4, 1929, and reported at volume 146, page 641, of Atlantic Reporter.
Hawkins v. McGee, 146 A. 641 (N.H. 1929).
Subsection (a)(6) of section 523 of title 11 of the current United States Code, published in 2018. This section appears in its entirety in the 2018 main volume.
11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(6) (2018).
Hospital
Hosp.
You are writing a brief for the court and you want to impress them with what a great legal writer you are. You need to explain to the court that 13 days of the 120 day restraining order have passed. How do you write each of those numbers?
13 days will be written out (thirteen)
120 days will remain how it was (120)
Charles Oldfield, Fraudulent Joinder, Federalism, and the Twombly/Iqbal Problem, 108 Ky. L. J. 431, 450 (2020).
Primary or Secondary? Type? Author?
[PS go download the article - it's a fascinating read!]
Primary or Secondary? Secondary
Type: Law Review Article
Author: The One and Only Dean O.
In a brief submitted to the Supreme Court of Virginia, you wish to cite to W.R. Grace & Company versus Maryland Casualty Company, et al. This case was decided in the Appeals Court of Massachusetts on September 30, 1992. It appears in volume 33, page 358, of Massachusetts Appeals Court Reports and in volume 600, page 176, of North Eastern Reporter, Second Series.
W.R. Grace & Co. v. Md. Cas. Co., 600 N.E.2d 176 (Mass. App. Ct. 1992).
Section 60K of chapter 231 of the Massachusetts General Laws Annotated, published by West. The copyright date on the volume in which this statute appears is 2018.
Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 231, § 60K (West 2018).
Memorial
Mem'l
On page 3 of your legal memo, you cited to Nat’l Iranian Oil v. Ashland Oil, Inc., 817 F.2d 326 (5th Cir. 1987). On page 6, you would like to cite to Nat’l Iranian Oil again, only you would like to focus your reader’s attention on information beginning on page 328 and continuing on page 329. You have cited to other cases on pages 4 and 5 of your memorandum. You have not referred to the case by name in your textual sentence, but elsewhere you have referred to the case as “Nat’l Iranian Oil.”
Nat'l Iranian Oil, 817 F.2d at 328-29.
89 Miss. Law and Prac. Sports § 57 (2017).
Primary or Secondary? Type? Author?
Primary or Secondary? Secondary
Type: Practical Guide
Author: Unknown
Ernest E. Jones, Terrence A. Larsen, and Herbert Lotman versus Raymond W. Smith and Peter S. Strawbridge. This case was decided by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania on January 6, 1999. It appears in volume 734, page 862, of Atlantic Reporter, Second Series. The citation follows a direct quotation of material found on page 865 of the opinion.
Jones v. Smith, 734 A.2d 862, 865 (Pa. 1999).
Section 16-11-129 of the official version of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated. The copyright date is 2018. However, part of the section appears in the 2019 pocket part.
Ga. Code Ann. § 16-11-129 (2018 & Supp. 2019).
Center
Ctr.
You are writing your memo for this class. You find a quote from a case that you really like, but it is quoting another case.
How do you format a quoted sentence that contains another quotation and how do you cite it?
Format: You will use a single quotation (') for the internal quotation.
Cite: You will cite the original source, then you will use parentheticals followed by "quoting" and then the citation for the internal quotation.