nucleic acid
nucleic acids are the only molecule that can do what?
make identical copies of themselves
Which lipid is the most well known fat?
Triglycerides
What are the main components of a carbohydrate?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
How are the amino acids in protein joined together?
peptide bonds
What are components of a saturated fat?
No double bonds between carbons, solid at room temperature.
what are the nucleic acid polymers?
What is the function of phospholipids?
Form cell membranes
What are the three types of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide.
Proteins are polymers of what monomers?
Amino Acid polymers
What are components of a unsaturated fat?
One or more double bonds between carbons, liquid at room temperature
What are Nucleotides made of?
5-carbon sugar, Nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
What are the main categories of lipids?
Fatty acids, Fats, Phospholipids, Steroids and Waxes.
Most monosaccharides appear linear, what shape are they in water?
Ring-shaped.
How many amino acids are there?
20, 9 essential
What is a phosphodiester linkage?
linkage between the phosphate group on the 5’-carbon of one sugar to the 3’-carbon of another sugar
What are the 2 types of nitrogenous bases?
Purine and Pyrimidine
What group is on the end of a fatty acid chain?
Carboxyl group
What are the 2 isomers for glucose?
Alpha and Beta glucose
What are the 2 common secondary structures of proteins?
Alpha helix and Beta pleated.
Define Glycerol
A 3 carbon molecule with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon.
What is the formation of DNA?
Double Stranded
What kind of reaction results in an ester linkage/bond?
Condensation Reaction
What reaction joins 2 monosaccharides to make a disaccharide making a glycosidic bond/linkage?
Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
What bonds are present in the tertiary structure of proteins?
Ionic and Hydrogen(H)-bonds.
What is a protein?
A large molecule consisting of amino acid subunits joined via peptide bonds folded into a 3-D shape.
What types of RNA exist?
-tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
What type of "acids" are most lipids made of?
Fatty acids
Are the carbons in a glucose molecule counted in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction?
clockwise
What is the final form/structure of a functional protein?
Quaternary Structure
What is a Carbohydrate?
Energy source from foods like fruits, veggies, and grains.
What reaction happens when a nucleotide has a phosphodiester linkage?
Condensation reaction
Why are lipids non-polar?
The number of Carbon to Carbon and Hydrogen to Carbon bonds make it non-polar.
What kind of carbohydrate is Ribose?
Monosaccharide
What is protein denaturation?
The loss of structure/function of a protein.
What is a nucleic acid?
Chemical compounds like DNA and RNA that carry genetic information.
What is RNA's function?
translate DNA into functional protein, store some genetic information
What makes up a triglyceride?
a Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Carbohydrates are an energy source from foods, including fruits, grains and what else?
Vegetables
What causes protein denaturation?
Heat, pH, salinity, and mechanical agitation.
What is a lipid?
non-polar compounds that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, and lesser amounts of oxygen