Correlation and Causation
This describes how two variables move together—positive if they increase together, negative if one decreases as the other increases.
What is correlation?
This tool gathers information directly from individuals, often using questionnaires or interviews.
What is a Survey?
Having a single peak (mode) or highest value in the distribution.
What is unimodal?
This term refers to unfair favoritism or prejudice that can distort study results or interpretation.
What is bias?
Mr. Stephenson served in the U.S Army for this many years.
What is 9 years?
This numeric value between −1 and +1 indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
What is the correlation coefficient?
This term names the entire set of items or individuals you want to study or draw conclusions about.
What is a Population?
Having two distinct peaks or modes in the distribution.
What is bimodal?
This kind of question expects variable responses across individuals and cannot have a single correct answer.
What is a statistical question?
Mr. Stephenson graduated from Howard High School in this year.
What is 2015?
This term means one variable produces a change in another—one event causes the other.
What is causation?
This is a smaller subset drawn from the population used to make inferences.
What is a Sample?
Skewed to the right with a longer right tail; ordering: Mode<Median<Mean.
What is right-tailed?
This is the person, animal, or object on which an experiment is performed.
What is an experimental unit?
Mr. Stephenson played and currently coaches these sports at Howard High School.
This describes how well study results apply to the broader population, often requiring random sampling for strong support.
What is generalizability?
This denotes how many observations or participants are included in a study, often written as 'n'.
What is Sample Size?
Having more than two peaks or modes in the distribution.
What is multimodal?
These are the conditions applied to groups in a study that may cause changes in outcomes.
What are experimental treatments?
Mr. Stephenson is (debatably) fluent in this language other than English.
What is (ASL) American Sign Language?
This type of study allows for cause-and-effect relationships to be established.
What is an experimental study?
This subset accurately reflects the characteristics of the whole population.
What is a Representative Sample?
No skew (symmetrical); both tails roughly equal and Mean=Median=Mode.
What is two-tailed?
In hypothesis testing, this is the claim that there is no significant difference and any observed effect is due to chance.
What is the null hypothesis?
Mr. Stephenson currently drives this make and model of car.
What is a Ford Fusion?