Chapter 4
Who pushed for schools to reopen during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic?
Donald Trump
Patterns and structures that are oppressive and discriminatory.
The Obama Administration created legal protections for 250,000 immigrant children and 9,000 immigrant educators. What is this called?
DACA or the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
Who is referred to as the father of public education?
Horace Mann
Horace Mann referred to the goal of public schools providing equality of opportunity for graduates to succeed as the “_____ _______ ______ __ ______”
great balance wheel of society
Name one feature of the human capital education paradigm.
The value of education measured by economic growth.
National standardization of the curriculum
Standardized testing for promotion, entrance and exit from different levels of schooling
Performance evaluation of teaching based on standardized testing of students
Mandated textbooks
Scripted lessons
Lifelong learning
What did the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act call for?
the integration of children with disabilities into regular classes.
Describe the complaint from non-English-speaking Chinese students in the San Francisco school district that led to the 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision of Lau et al. v. Nichols et al.
The complaint was that no special instruction for learning standard English was provided to these students.
Psychologist James Jones summarized the racial attitudes of whites at the end of the twentieth century. Name one of these attitudes.
Whites feel more negatively toward Blacks than they do toward Hispanics, Asians and legal and illegal immigrants.
Whites perceive Blacks as lazy, violent and less intelligent than Hispanics, Asians and legal and illegal immigrants.
Whites believe Blacks are receiving more attention from the government than they deserve.
Whites believe Blacks are too demanding in their struggle for equal rights.
High levels of antiblack racism are correlated with White beliefs that police and the death penalty make streets safe and White attitudes that oppose assistance to the poor.
Antiblack and anti-Hispanic racism are correlated with Whites’ opposition to open immigration and multilingualism.
What moral values did Horace Mann want to teach?
Christian moral values
Summarize Annette Lareau's beliefs on the child-rearing practices of middle-class and working-class families (also known as "concerted cultivation" and "accomplishment of natural growth" practices).
Middle-class families consciously intervene (concerted cultivation) in their children’s lives to develop their talents. Working-class families have a more laissez-faire attitude, allowing their children to grow without much intervention (accomplishment of natural growth) except for attending to their basic needs.
Give an example of school segregation still happening today.
Black and Latino students tend to be in schools with a substantial majority of poor children, while White and Asian students typically attend middle-class schools.
Segregation is by far the most serious in the central cities of the largest metropolitan areas; the states of New York, Illinois and California are the top three worst for isolating Black students.
California is the state in which Latino students are most segregated.
In 2017, the UCLA Civil Rights Project warned that there was increasing segregation in the South.
Or a personal example of school segregation
In 2017, the federal government adopted a “zero tolerance” policy for those illegally entering the United States. Evaluate how this effected children of illegal immigrants.
Any children accompanying illegal immigrants were to be put in shelters or foster homes. In 2018, a federal court order required that the children be reunified with their parents. However, there were complaints that the federal government did not keep accurate records or maintain a data system that would link parents with the children being held in shelter centers and foster homes. Some parents were deported without their children, causing a humanitarian crisis.
Why did U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos announce the withholding of funds from three Connecticut school systems?
They refused to withdraw from an athletic conference that allows transgender students to compete on teams that align with their gender identity.
Analyze the relationship between education and income.
Achievement in school is the road to economic success and studies show that years of schooling are associated with income levels. There is also evidence that shows that the conditions surrounding childhood poverty hinder school achievement
Soft skills refer to character traits that will help the worker succeed in the workplace. Develop a way to teach soft skills in early education.
Skills include: motivation, self-discipline, stability, dependability, perseverance, self-esteem, optimism, future orientation, and other related skills that affect learning and job performance
Analyze how Plessy v. Ferguson affected equal educational opportunity.
In the Plessy v. Ferguson case, the US Supreme Court ruled that segregated facilities could exist if they were equal. It established the “separate but equal doctrine,” but, the Supreme Court failed to clearly define what constitutes equal facilities and what is reasonable. Plessy v. Ferguson also highlights the principle that race is a social and legal construction.
Analyze how the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 transformed the original goals of the bilingual education movement.
NCLBA placed the federal government’s support on the side of English acquisition as opposed to bilingual education.
Using evidence from the text, argue for or against inclusion of disabled students into regular classrooms.
full inclusion is believed to improve the educational and social development of children with disabilities. It is also believed that bias against children and adults with disabilities will decrease. Or for against, possibly that disabled children need specialized education and treatment that they will not receive in a regular classroom.
List two factors that might put a student at risk for educational problems. Then, generate a plan on how to counteract these factors.
Being in the lowest economic and social status
Changing schools two or more times from grades 1 to 8 (except for transitions to middle school or junior high school)
Having average grades of C or lower from grades 6 to 8
Being in a single-parent household during grade 8
Having one or more older siblings who left high school before completion
Being held back one or more times from grades 1 to 8
Critique or defend human capital theory and its ability of schools to educate students for occupations in the global economy.
It could be argued that given the uncertainty of future labor market needs, students should be given a general education that would prepare them for all aspects of living, including any type of employment. Others could argue that schooling should prepare students to improve the quality of society and their own happiness. Can also talk about what it has done for antipoverty programs and how it is believed that is can eliminate poverty
Summarize how institutional racism can be seen in the experiences of either African American, Mexican American, or Native American students throughout history.
African American: racial segregation, Plessy v. Ferguson and the “separate but equal” Supreme Court decision, educated for the lowest rung of the workforce, declining government financial support
Mexican American: school segregation, attempts to replace the speaking of Spanish with English, farmers wanting to keep their workers uneducated, non-enforcement of compulsory school laws
Native Americans: U.S. government attempted to destroy the languages and cultures of Native American tribes, Civilization Fund Act, educational philosophy that Indian children should be removed from family and tribal influences, boarding school as an important step in changing their character
Based on the text, create a plan to teach anti-bias and tolerance curricula in your classroom.
Goals include: child demonstrating self-awareness, confidence, family pride, child expresses comfort and joy with human diversity, child will recognize unfairness and display the skills to act against prejudice
Using evidence from the Perry Preschool Study, analyze the relationship between soft skills and preschool.
preschool teaches soft skills.
Critique or support prepared childhood.
prepared childhood - education OVER wellbeing of child