Foundations and Federalism
These are institutions through which public policies are made.
What is government?
The amendment protecting speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
What is the First Amendment?
A party-run meeting where members discuss and help choose nominees.
What is caucus?
Helping constituents solve problems with government agencies is known as this.
What is casework?
The permanent body of officials who carry out laws and public policy is called this.
What is the bureaucracy?
A basic function of government that includes defending the nation from foreign threats.
What is national security or defense?
The constitutional guarantee the government must act fairly when depriving someone of life, liberty, or property.
What is due process?
The period before voting starts, when candidates compete for endorsements, money, and attention.
What is the invisible primary?
When lawmakers physically or demographically resemble the people they represent, that is this type of representation.
What is descriptive representation?
Most federal workers are hired based on qualifications under this system.
What is the merit system?
Goods or services, such as roads or public safety, that are available to everyone are called these.
What are collective goods?
What is incorporation?
Using voter data to craft different campaign messages for different groups is called this.
What is microtargeting?
When lawmakers act in the interests of the people they serve, that is this type of representation.
What is substantive representation?
The law that created merit-based federal hiring after abuses of the spoils system.
What is the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
A system in which power is divided between national and statea governments.
A lawsuit can only move forward if the plaintiff has suffered direct harm and has this.
What is standing?
Campaign efforts designed to increase turnout among supporters are known by this abbreviation.
What is GOTV?
This process begins in the House and is tried in the Senate.
What is impeachment?
When government spends more in a year than it collects in revenue, it has this.
What is a budget deficit?
This constitutional principle says federal law takes priority over conflicting state law.
The Supremacy Clause?
A court system in which opposing sides present arguments before a neutral judge is called this.
What is an adversarial system?
The federal agency responsible for enforcing campaign finance laws.
What is the FEC?
The amendment that limits presidents to two elected terms.
What is the Twenty-Second Amendment?
The total accumulation of past federal deficits is called this.
What is the national debt?