The 60s
This was the first direct tax imposed on the American colonists by the British Parliament without their representation, sparking widespread colonial protest and resistance, which is considered a pivotal moment leading to the American Revolution by uniting the colonies against British policies and solidifying the idea of no taxation without representation.
What is the Stamp Act?
These two states articulated early arguments (1799) for states' rights, asserting that states have the right to nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional by the states themselves, a concept known as the doctrine of nullification.
What is the Kentucky and Virginia?
"All questions pertaining to slavery in the territories and in the new states to be formed therein are to be left to the people residing therein, through the appropriate representatives"
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
This occurred in 1773, but the very first time that its namesake appeared in print was in 1825, and in most of those early mentions, no reference to a celebratory event with cakes and balloons was mentioned. Soon after the rebellious act was committed, the colonies said, it was simply referred to as “the destruction of tea in Boston Harbor, or something similarly cumbersome.”
What is the Boston Tea Party?
The sharing of power between the national and state governments.
What is federalism?
These two states published articles expressing frustration over the Townshend Acts of 1767, mainly the idea of being taxed without having representation in Parliament.
What is Massachusetts and Pennsylvania?
This amendment establishes federalism by reserving powers not delegated to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states, to the states or the people, thereby preserving state autonomy and protecting against potential government overreach.
What is the 10th Amendment?
"We are not enemies, but friends... Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection"
March, 1861. First Inaugural Address.
What is Abraham Lincoln?
The British Parliament repealed all of the Townshend Acts, except for the tax on tea, in April 1770. This was in direct response to this March 5th event.
What is the Boston Massacre?
The idea that the people hold the power, and that the people rule. The Constitution begins with the words "We the People"
What is popular sovereignty?
This was a coordinated uprising by Native American tribes, led by an Ottawa chief, against British rule in the Great Lakes region following the French and Indian War, primarily because the Native Americans were unhappy with the British treatment compared to the more accommodating French policies they had previously experienced.
What is Pontiac's Rebellion?
The primary response to this was intense Southern opposition, particularly from South Carolina, leading to the Nullification Crisis.
What is the Tariff of 1828?
"They had no rights which the white man was bound to respect."
What is the Dred Scott decision?
Massachusetts Government Act: Replaced the elected local government with direct rule by the British Crown....Administration of Justice Act: Increased the powers of the military governor, Thomas Gage....Quartering Act: Forced colonists to house British soldiers in unoccupied buildings....Boston Port Act: Closed the port of Boston until the colonists compensated the East India Company for the destroyed tea.
All four acts together were known by this name.
What is the Coercive or Intolerable Acts?
The division of government power into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
Each branch of government limits the power of the other branches, and "watches" that the other branches are functioning within their powers.
Name both principles in the right order...
What is separation of powers and checks and balances?
Resentment over this set of 1767 acts divided American colonists into patriots and loyalists. The subsequent boycotts and protests forced the British government to send and quarter more troops in American cities like Philadelphia, New York and mainly Boston.
What is the Townshend Acts?
An agricultural system focused on large-scale cash crop production, primarily cotton, that was fueled by the brutal institution of enslaved labor.
What is the Plantation System?
"A fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed indeed for the moment, but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence"
What is the Missouri Compromise?
“Attached to your Majesty’s person, family, and Government, with all devotion that principle and affection can inspire; connected with Great Britain by the strongest ties that can unite societies, and deploring every event that tends in any degree to weaken them, we solemnly assure your Majesty, that we not only most ardently desire the former harmony between her and these Colonies may be restored, but that a concord may be established between them upon so firm a basis as to perpetuate its blessings, uninterrupted by any future dissensions, to succeeding generations in both countries, and to transmit your Majesty’s name to posterity”
Name this document.
What is the Olive Branch Petition?
Citizens have basic rights, freedoms, and liberties guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the Constitution.
What is individual rights?
"Had hath, and of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America ... in all cases whatsoever".
This quote is from this act?
What is the Declaratory Act?
The Alien and Sedition Act of 1798 led to increased sectional tension between the different geographic regions. It also intensified political debate between these two parties of the late 18th century.
What is the Federalist and Democratic-Republican?
"Now if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life...I submit; so LET IT BE DONE".
12/2/1859. Charles Town, Virginia.
What is John Brown?
“If three years ago any person had told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws & constitutions of our own making as now appears I should have thought him a bedlamite - a fit subject for a mad house” - George Washington
What is Shays Rebellion?
The Electoral College is a core example of this principle, demonstrating a representative system designed to balance direct voter will with the interests of individual states. The Founding Fathers established it as a compromise between electing the president by a vote in Congress and through a direct popular vote.
What is republicanism?