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Early Colonization
Revolution
New Government
Antebellum Era
Civil War-Reconstruction
100
Explain the reasons why English settlers wanted to come to America in the 1600s.
What is because of economic problems in England, settlers sought new opportunities in America; many English farm workers were unemployed and small farmers were struggling; large plots of land had been divided among heirs for generations, so men who did not inherit land sought new adventures in America. Seeking religious tolerance
100
What were John Locke's natural rights?
What is Life, liberty, and property
100
What were the problems (weaknesses) caused by the Articles of Confederation?
What is the federal government could not impose or collect taxes, had very little power over the states, could not afford an army or navy, had no judicial or executive branch, could not regulate trade between states, and was very difficult to pass laws (needed 9 of the 13 states; needed all 13 states to amend the Articles)
100
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the Northern and Southern economies?
What is In the North industries and innovations in transportation and communication caused the rise of large cities. The South remained mostly agricultural and relied on slave labor. Inventions in communication, transportation and industry - more effiecent production created a greater need for skilled workers in the North and more slaves in the south (cotton gin)
100
What were the major causes of the Civil War?
What is 1.) The Abolition Movement · The movement to end slavery in the United States 2.) Economic and Social Differences · The southern economy depended on slave labor, especially after the introduction of the cotton gin · Those defending slavery used the “Social Darwinism” defense, claiming they had the right to rule over African-Americans due to their race and heritage 3.) States’ rights versus federal rights · The belief that the power of the states should be greater than the power of the federal government o Led to the argument that it should be on each state to decide whether it wanted slavery or not 4.) The issue of slavery in new territories · The Missouri Compromise of 1820 o Agreed to admit Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state o Agreed that the 36’30 boundary line would determine whether a new state would be a free or slave state · The Compromise of 1850 o Admitted California as a free state, ending the balance between the number of free and slave states in the Union o Tried to settle the dispute over the expansion of slavery into the Mexican Cession by using popular sovereignty o Strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act 5.) The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) · Applied the popular sovereignty principle to settle the question of slavery in Kansas Territory · Caused the North and South to compete to settle the territory · Led to guerilla warfare between pro- and antislavery settlers (“Bloody Kansas/Bleeding Kansas”) 6.) The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) · Emphasized the divisions over the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision · Brought Lincoln’s opposition to slavery’s spread to a national audience 7.) The Election of 1860 · Split in Democratic Party allowed Lincoln’s election as president · Left both house of Congress in northern hands with an opponent of slavery heading the executive branch · Southerners feared that a northern-controlled government would act against slavery 8.) The secession of southern states 9.) The attack on Fort Sumter
200
Explain the similarities and differences between the northern and southern colonial economies.
What is North - Subsistence farming, industry, good harbor/port cities, fishing, timber, trade, part of triangle trade South –plantation farming with slaves and indentured servants, mostly small yeoman farms, cash crops, trade
200
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?
What is 1.) England recognized America as a country 2.) England made the Mississippi River the boundary of the United States 3.) England agreed to leave its forts in the west 4.) Spain and France made peace with Britain 5.) Spain regained control of Florida 6.) Loyalists were aloud to leave the country or regain property losses
200
What were the two opposing views on the creation of the national bank?
What is Strict constructionists (like Jefferson) felt that only powers specifically listed in the Constitution should be permitted, which ruled out a national bank. Loose constructionists (like Hamilton) believed that there were implied powers in the Constitution, which would allow the establishment of a national bank.
200
How did Marbury v. Madison change the influence of the Supreme Court?
What is established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review: to decide whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional
200
Entering the Civil War, what were the strategies for the North and the South?
What is North - The Anaconda Plan (choke the South with a naval blockade on their major ports), and to capture the Southern capital of Richmond South - Cotton diplomacy (use cotton as a negotiating tool to gain support from foreign countries)
300
How did the trans-Atlantic trade/the Triangle trade and European mercantilist policies in the economic development of the North American colonies.
What is Under mercantilist policies, the colonies were only of use for their mother country. They were a good place to obtain raw materials and markets to sell goods. The growth of the colonial economies created the need for more African slaves. The colonies became a part/leg of the triangle trade (raw materials from the Americas, manufactured goods from Europe, and slaves from Africa)
300
What documents would influence the writers of the Declaration of Independence?
What is Magna Carta, the Mayflower Compact, the English Bill of Rights, John Locke's Two Treaties of Government, and Thomas Paine's Common Sense
300
What were the causes of the War of 1812? (3)
What is 1.) British impressment of American sailors 2.) International conflicts over commerce 3.) British military aid to Native Americans on the Northwest frontier/conflict between settlers and Native Americans
300
What were the major movements of the Antebellum Era?
What is the Second Great Awakening (religious revival in America), the abolition movement (anti-slavery movement), the temperance movement (anti-alcohol movement), the women's rights movement (wanted equal rights), the labor movement (wanted improved working conditions, better pay & hours), and educational reforms
300
Why do historians call the Civil War the last of the old-time wars and the first of the modern ones?
What is Most generals still used military tactics from Napoleon’s time, but the weapons were new and deadlier.
400
What were the problems the settlers of Jamestown faced?
What is Jamestown was located in a swampy area with malaria-carrying mosquitos; it was inside the territory of the Powhatan Confederacy; settlers contracted malaria and dysentery, which killed them or made them too weak to work; some settlers spent more time looking for treasure than in growing food; many settlers were English gentlemen unaccustomed to physical labor; the Powhatan Indians, resentful of raids from the settlers, killed the settlers’ livestock and prevented the settlers from hunting.
400
What was the aftermath of the French and Indian War?
What is 1.) England acquired a vast amount of territory 2.) It proved that the colonists could work together 3.) The Proclamation of 1763 protected Native Americans land and prevented the colonists from settling west 4.) England passed taxes to pay for the cost of the war and to keep soldiers in the colonies (to protect from Native Americans and to prevent colonists from settling west)
400
What were the differing views between the Federalists and Jeffersonian/Democratic Republicans?
What is The Jeffersonian/Democratic Republicans were in favor of a smaller government, with more power left to the states, used a strict interpretation of the Constitution, and supported an alliance with France. The Federalists wanted a strong centralized nation, supported the national bank, used a loose interpretation of the Constitution, and supported an alliance with Britain.
400
What were the causes of the Mexican-American War?
What is 1.) The Annexation of Texas (Mexico did not feel that it was a fair treaty - Santa Anna was forced to sign) 2.) A boundary dispute - Americans had fought a skirmish in the region between the Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers with a small party of Mexican soldiers. 3.) Manifest Destiny and Expansionism
400
How did the North have an advantage over the South when the Civil War began?
What is The North had more people (human resources), bank capital, railroad mileage, farmland, and manufactured goods or factories.
500
What was the agricultural revolution?
What is During the agricultural revolution, people began to settle into villages in order to plant and harvest crops. The population grew, governments were developed, and people developed crafts. Farming led people to settle in villages rather than move around. Also, farming led to a more stable food supply so populations grew. People developed crafts and ways to govern their villages.
500
What were the major causes of the American Revolution?
What is the end of salutary neglect, the outcome of the French and Indian War (the Proclamation of 1763), the Sugar Act, the Currency Act, the Stamp Act, the Quartering Act, the Townshend Acts, the Boston Massacre, the Tea Act, the Boston Tea Party, the Intolerable Acts, the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense
500
What was the Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) and what or whom did it compromise between?
What is The Great Compromise took the ideas of both the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan and set out two houses of representatives. The upper house, or Senate, would have two representatives from each state. The lower house, or House of Representatives, would have a number of representatives based on the state’s population. Also, since counting African Americans would reflect a larger population in states with large numbers of enslaved people they included the three-fifths compromise (each slave would count as three-fifths of a person)
500
What was the nullification crisis?
What is In response to the Tariff of Abominations (which placed a tariff on the cheaper British goods), South Carolina threatened to secede from the union. They claimed that under the nullification theory, they had the right to reject federal laws.
500
What were the three major plans for Reconstruction and did they work?
What is Lincoln’s plan wanted to forgive (with the exception of major Southern leaders), Johnson’s plan wanted to return the South to its pre-war status, and the Congressional plan (Radical Republicans) wanted to punsih the South severely