This is HELL
What were the three plans for reconstructing the South after the Civil War and how did they differ?
Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress.
The Major differences included the severity/ leniency tolerated for people who lived in the south to rejoin the union. Lincoln’s plan was by-far the most forgiving plan for reconstruction. Johnson’s place was slightly more strict, but he did not stay true to his pardons. Congress’ plan was more about restricting the president and staying true to what was listed out in their plan for reconstruction.
What were some of the goals of the first labor unions?
Some of the goals of the first labor unions were to improve workplace conditions, promote 8- hour workdays, workers’ cooperatives (workers would create their own manufacturing and mining organizations), greenbackism (the printing of paper money to inflate the economic market), and to create equal voting rights for women and African Americans.
Who were the Exodusters?
The migrating African Americans into the western frontier in search of lands without racism or poverty. (a mass exodus from the south)
Who were the Redeemers and what was their impact on the country?
Conservatives or southern democrats that used race issues to support white electorate and threaten black voters. They encouraged black suppression through violence and fear.
How did the inventions of the 2nd Industrial Revolution transform daily life for Americans?
Included the steamboat, railroads, instantaneous communication networks.
Allowed for national and eventually international marketplaces, emphasized goods and services.
Acted as a connection between people, encouraged an urban migration.
What were some of the problems in the growing cities?
Big cities were crowded, dirty, and rampant with disease. Many lived in Tenements. Streets were filled with contaminated water, animal manure, sewage. Diseases like TB, cholera, typhoid fever, and yellow fever spread.
What was the goal of the Granger Movement and how did it impact the United States?
Offering social events and educational programs for farmers and families.
This helped build cooperatives where farmers could join together to store and sell their crops to avoid the high fees charged by brokers and middle men
Why was President Johnson impeached and what was the final result?
He fired the Secretary of War, violating the Tenure of Office Act. The impeachment failed, but Johnson had no shot to rerunning for office.
Who were the Progressives and what were their goals?
the middle class, and supporters included many lawyers, teachers, physicians, ministers, and business people
The main objectives of the Progressive movement were addressing problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption. The movement primarily targeted political machines and their bosses.
What did the Dawes Act do?
Americanize Indians by forcing them to become self-reliant farmers of their own land rather than allowing them to be members of nomadic bands or tribes owning property together. This divided tribal lands, and allotted them to individuals granting 160 acres to heads of families and lesser lands to others.
How did the U.S. gain control of the Panama Canal?
The U.S. agreed to pay Columbia 10 million for a 6 mile wide canal zone, but Roosevelt increased the zone to 10 miles wide.
With the addition of 250,000 annually, the U.S received perpetual use, occupation, and control of the 50 mile long canal zone
How successful was Reconstruction and how did it end?
Initially successful, however, after President Hayes was elected, federal troops were moved from the south allowing for white supremacist's to create a more modern form of slavery.
What was the Civil Service Act and how did it change the government?
a system for hiring government officials to keep members from abusing the patronage system.
Due to this act, more federal positions would be filled based on the merit system rather than from political favors
How did “political bosses” control cities?
Political parties were more powerful than the president, and business tycoons were more powerful than the parties.
These bosses ruled and plundered using intimidation, money, and favors to change the course of elections
How did Wilson win the 1912 election?
Roosevelt founded the “Bull Moose Party”, a faction of the Republican party. This party elected Roosevelt as their presidential candidate.
The republican vote was split between Taft and Roosevelt, allowing Woodrow Wilson to become the president of 1912
What were some of the positive legacies of Reconstruction?
13th,14th, and 15th amendments.
Laid the Foundation for Civil Rights opportunities
The Federal Government ensured State's maintained eqaulity
How did Hawaii become a U.S. territory?
Cheap immigrant labor soon overtook Hawaii, mainly Chinese and Japanese workers, with the American sugar planters becoming an economic elite.
In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani worked to restrict American planter’s political power. The white population overthrew the monarchy in 1893 with the help of the U.S. marines.
The Republic of Hawaii was created in 1894, which President Cleveland worked to restore power to the Hawaiian monarchy and the natives. However, President McKinley fully annexed Hawaii in 1898
What was the Mississippi Plan and what was its impact?
A way to disenfranchise black citizens.
Required: 2 years of state residency, 1 year in a local election district. Certain crimes would prevent voters. All taxes had to be paid including the new Poll Tax. All voters must read or mostly understand the US Constitution. Eventually included a Grandfather clause to allow for more white voters.
Caused a movement of state discriminations and segregation
What were the settlement houses and what was their goal?
Innovative community centers to address the needs of the unskilled working poor, especially those newly arrived from Europe.
Multiple forms of classes were taught, and all residents were considered equal
Soon political reform became a goal to lobby for city parks and playgrounds, neighborhood clean-up days, and laws and regulations to improve living conditions.
What did the Homestead Act do and how did it change the United States?
What caused Indian Wars on the Great Plains after 1860 and how did they end?
Cause: migration upon Indian Lands due to the Homestead Act
End: the capture of Geronimo, and various Indian Massacres
Prominent Wars: Sand Creek Massacre, Great Sioux War, Battle of Little Bighorn, Ghost Dance Massacre
Why was the Spanish American War fought and what was the outcome?
Americans feared for plantation investments in Cuba during the Cuban War for Independence. Yellow Journalism publicized and manipulated public opinion.
The explosion of the US Battleship Maine, de Lome Letter
Congress declared Cuba independent from Spain and ordered Spain to withdraw from Cuba. US began a blockade.
Ended with the Treaty of Paris, US gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
How and why did the U.S. become involved in World War I and what was the impact of its entry?
The sinking of the Lusitania, the increased German Blockade, the Zimmerman Telegram, the sinking of 5 US ships in the North Atlantic.
Impact: the start of the draft, the Espionage and Sedition Acts, the Allies regained control and won the war.
What was the court packing plan and why was it considered?
FDR was tired of the New Deal and the 2nd New Deal being questioned in the courts. He wanted to increase the number of supreme court members, or to add 'interns' to watch over the older current members.
The plan backfired when constitutionality was called into question.
What was Operation Overlord and why was it important to World War II?
The assault from the Allies on Normandy Beach against Hitler's Atlantic Wall. Was the greatest seaborne invasion in the history of warfare and acted as the turning point in the war.