Immigration and Urban Challenges
Unsafe, overcrowded, dirty places that many immigrants lived in in the 1800s.
Name one member/leader from both the transcendentalist movement and the American romantic movement.
T-Emerson, Fuller, Thoreau
AR- Hawthorne, Melville, Cole, Church, Durand, Stephens, Poe, Dickenson, Longfellow, Whitman
A Christian revival movement which brought some radical ideas on individuals and their faith to the masses.
Second Great Awakening
What was the aim of the abolitionist movement?
To completely end slavery
Movement that inspired many women to start fighting for their own rights.
The abolitionist movement.
List THREE major problems faced by cities in the mid-1800s.
Disease, crime, fire, overcrowding, poor living and working conditions. No waste disposal and lack of clean drinking water.
What were the main themes illustrated by the American Romantic movement?
Nature, individual expression, rejection of many of the rule of the establishment. Emotion guided the artist's output.
What was the aim of the temperance movement?
Who were conductors?
People who help enslaved people escape from their slave owner via the Underground Railroad.
National Woman Suffrage Association. Who founded and why was it founded.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott to fight for women's rights, in particular suffrage.
What did/do nativists believe?
In stopping immigration. Believed that immigrants were coming for their jobs and would change the US in a bad with with their different religion and culture.
What do transcendentalists believe?
Self-sufficiency and relying on own insights
List three reform movements of the early 19th century.
Temperance, prison, abolition, women's rights, school, revivals (Second Great Awakening), teaching with special needs, transcendentalism
Explain the American Colonization Society
Thought that African Americans should leave the US and start colonies in Africa. This organization was vital in starting the colony of Liberia, which is where 12,000 African Americans moved to starting in 1822
What occured at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848? What document was composed there?
It was the first public meeting about women's rights held in the US. The Declaration of Sentiments was drafted.
Which two countries did most immigrants to the US in the mid-1800s come from? What pushed them to immigrate?
Irish- Potato Famine
German- Political persecution
What happened to places like Brook Farm?
These utopians failed because people did not get along well together.
What was the goal of common schools?
They were created to educate all children in a common place regardless of their background. The movement increased funding, lengthen the school year, and train teachers.
What was the Underground Railroad?
An organization of people (white abolitionist, free African-Americans, and former slaves) working together with no centralized leader helping enslaved people escape to freedom. NOT a physical railroad.
Declaration of Independence.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal;"
What did members of the Know-Nothing party believe in?
End to immigration, in particular from places like Ireland and Germany. Making it hard for immigrants and Catholics to become citizens and hold public office.
Describe a utopia.
A perfect world. Where everyone work together and there is no conflict and people are free from want.
What was schooling/education like for African-Americans across the nation in the early to mid 19th century.
Limited education in the west and north. There were some schools established for African-Americans including The New York African Free School and Oberlin College.
In the South there was little in fact it was illegal to educate enslaved persons.
The Gag Rule stopped what from occurring? Why was it instituted?
Debate in the HoR about abolition/slavery. It was instituted because proponents of slavery wanted to protect it from becoming unconstitutional.
Besides suffrage, what else did the women's rights movement fight for?